Does attorney client privilege apply to physical evidence?

• Death of a Client. The privilege may be breached upon the death of a testator-client if litigation ensues between the decedent's heirs, legatees or other parties claiming under the deceased client.
• Fiduciary Duty. ...
• Crime or Fraud Exception. ...
• Common Interest Exception.

What is the physical patient privilege?

The physician-patient privileged communication rule essentially means that a physician who gets information while professionally attending a patient cannot in a civil case be examined without the patient's consent as to any facts which would blacken the latter's reputation. (

What should you not say to a lawyer?

Does the Defence have to disclose evidence?

The defence must provide the details of any witnesses, irrespective of the reason why they are calling them at trial. The prosecutor must forward the details of any witnesses to the police as quickly as possible, so that a decision can be made whether to seek to interview any of the witnesses.

Do the police have to disclose evidence?

Disclosure happens in all criminal cases and the police – who investigate crimes and gather evidence – have an obligation to disclose any material they have that they think is 'relevant' to the case.

What is exculpatory evidence?

Evidence, such as a statement, tending to excuse, justify, or absolve the alleged fault or guilt of a defendant.

Can attorney-client privilege be breached without permission?

The privilege generally stays in effect even after the attorney-client relationship ends, and even after the client dies. In other words, the lawyer can never divulge the client's secrets without the client's permission, unless some kind of exception (see below) applies.

Can an attorney invoke attorney-client privilege?

While an attorney may invoke the privilege on behalf of a client, the right originates with the client. ... Communication must occur solely between the client and attorney. Communication must be made as part of securing legal opinion and not for purpose of committing a criminal act.

What is the difference between attorney-client privilege and confidentiality?

Attorney-client privilege protects lawyers from being compelled to disclose your information to others. ... Confidentiality rules provide that attorneys are prohibited from disclosing any information for privacy reasons, unless it is generally known to others.

What if a lawyer knows his client is lying?

If a lawyer, the lawyer's client, or a witness called by the lawyer, has offered material evidence and the lawyer comes to know of its falsity, the lawyer shall take reasonable remedial measures, including, if necessary, disclosure to the tribunal.

What are the parameters and limitations of the attorney-client privilege?

If attorney-client privilege does exist, the lawyer cannot disclose the client's secrets to anyone outside of the firm unless the lawyer has the client's consent to do so. The client has the power to waive the attorney-client privilege, not the attorney.

What is waiver of attorney-client privilege?

Attorney-client privilege is waived by disclosing the substance of the communication to a third party. Waiver can be voluntary or involuntary (accidental).

What is unused evidence?

4.2 Unused material is relevant material that is not used as evidence. During the course of any investigation material is generated. Some of it is used as evidence and other material is not used. The material that is not used as evidence is known as unused material.

Why are police statements not admissible in court?

As per S. 25 of Indian Evidence Act confession recorded by police officer is inadmissible in evidence. That is the reason behind S. 164 CrPC authorizing the Magistrate to record the confession statement of the accused as per procedure prescribed to ensure it has voluntariness.

When can hearsay evidence be used?

Hearsay evidence is inadmissible in criminal proceedings except where there is some statutory provision which renders it admissible or where a common law rule making it admissible is preserved by section 118 CJA, or by agreement of all parties to the proceedings, or where the court is satisfied that it is in the ...

What types of evidence must be disclosed by the prosecution?

Under the U.S. Constitution, the prosecution must disclose to the defendant all evidence that proves guilt as well as all evidence that proves innocence. Evidence generally falls into three categories, inculpatory, exculpatory, and impeachment.

What is a proof of evidence document?

A Proof of Evidence is a written summary of what a witness will say in evidence during a hearing. ... A Proof of Evidence contains information which will help or hinder the claim and this is how it differs from a Witness Statement.

What occurs if the prosecution purposefully refuses to disclose evidence?

What happens to the prosecutor and the case if the prosecution purposefully refuses to disclose evidence? ... Intentional misconduct and does impact the case leads to disciplinary actions and prosecutor loses job.

Do lawyers tell the truth all the time?

Lawyers must be honest, but they do not have to be truthful. A criminal defence lawyer, for example, in zealously defending a client, has no obligation to actively present the truth. Counsel may not deliberately mislead the court, but has no obligation to tell the defendant's whole story.

Can lawyers talk about their cases?

Under attorney-client privilege, lawyers are not allowed to divulge the details of anything their clients tell them in a court of law. In addition to that, The Duty of Confidentiality protects clients from having their lawyers casually discuss the private details of their case outside of court.

How often should I hear from my attorney?

You should never be afraid or feel like an intrusion to contact your attorney every three weeks or so, or more frequently if there is a lot going on with your health or other matters related to your legal case. There is of course a limit to how much you should be contacting or sharing.