What does art 23 protect against?
Asked by: Arvilla Mills PhD | Last update: March 1, 2026Score: 4.4/5 (53 votes)
"Article 23" protects against different things depending on the document, most commonly unfair labor practices (equal pay, safe conditions) in the UDHR, forced labor/child labor in trade deals like USMCA, discrimination against ex-offenders (NY's Article 23-A), unprotected civilian exposure in war (Geneva Conventions), or crimes against national security (Hong Kong's controversial law).
What is the main purpose of article 23?
Article 23
Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
What does Article 23 prohibit?
Article 23, Constitution of India 1950
(1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
What is article 23 about?
Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings, including trafficking for the purpose of forced labor, slavery, or exploitation. It recognizes the inherent dignity and rights of individuals, ensuring protection against such practices. It also prohibits forced labor or any form of compulsory labor.
What does Article 23 of the GDPR mean?
Article 23 lists the conditions under which EU member states can restrict these rights, by legislative measures, to protect the rights and freedoms of others; for example, in relation to safeguarding national and public security, enforcement of civil law claims, and protection of judicial independence, among others.
Article 23 and 24 | Right Against Exploitation | Fundamental Rights | Indian Constitution | Caselaws
What are the 7 main principles of GDPR?
The 7 principles of GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) are: Lawfulness, Fairness & Transparency (process data legally, fairly, openly); Purpose Limitation (use data only for specified, legitimate reasons); Data Minimisation (collect only necessary data); Accuracy (keep data correct and up-to-date); Storage Limitation (don't keep data longer than needed); Integrity & Confidentiality (secure the data); and Accountability (demonstrate compliance).
How does article 23 impact freedom of speech?
The law, which took effect on 23 March 2024, introduced China's definition of “national security” and “state secrets”, together with other broadly defined offences which further restricted freedom of expression and the right to protest.
What was article 23?
It states that Hong Kong "shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political ...
How does law protect against exploitation?
California law allows people that experience trafficking to bring a civil action – or lawsuit – against the person or people responsible for their trafficking. CRD also has the authority to bring a civil action to vindicate the rights of people who experience trafficking.
What do Article 23 and 24 talk about?
The Right against exploitation is discussed under Articles 23 and 24 of the Constitution. Article 23 prohibits the practices of human trafficking and forced labour and Article 24 provides for the prohibition of child labour. This article deals with child labour in India in light of Article 24 of the Constitution.
Why are Articles 23 & 24 important?
Importantly, these articles offer protection not just against the State, but also against exploitation by private citizens. Together, Articles 23 and 24 form a critical bulwark against various forms of human degradation, asserting the invaluable worth and autonomy of every individual.
What is Section 23 of the Constitution?
Section 23, the most relevant one here, is entitled "Labour relations" and reads: Everyone has the right to fair labour practices. Every worker has the right to form and join a trade union; to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and to strike.
What is the relationship between Article 23 and human rights?
Critical to defining workers' rights as human rights is Article 23: 1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
What is the purpose of the 23rd Amendment?
Constitutional Amendments – Amendment 23 – “Extending the Vote to the District of Columbia” Amendment Twenty-three to the Constitution was ratified on March 29, 1961. It gives electors to the District of Columbia – the capital city of the United States – so that it may participate in presidential elections.
Does Hong Kong follow Chinese law?
Under “One Country, Two Systems”, Hong Kong is part of China but retains its own systems and way of life. The Basic Law - Hong Kong's constitutional document – gives legal effect to the “One Country, Two Systems” policy.
What is the right against exploitation Article 23 and 24?
These two articles can be grouped under the 'Right Against Exploitation'. This article contains three forms of exploitation viz. prohibitions of (a) traffic in human beings; (b) begar profession; and (c) similar other forced labour. Practice of any such form is punishable in accordance with law.
What are the 3 P's of human trafficking?
The 3 Ps of human trafficking refer to the core international framework for combating modern slavery: Prosecution, Protection, and Prevention, as established by the UN's Palermo Protocol and reflected in U.S. law like the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA). These pillars work together, with prosecution deterring traffickers, protection supporting survivors with services and legal aid, and prevention stopping trafficking before it starts, often supported by a fourth "P" for Partnership.
What does RA 10364 protect against?
Republic Act 10364 (RA 10364) protects against human trafficking, expanding the original Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act (RA 9208) by broadening definitions, strengthening penalties, and establishing better mechanisms for victim support, focusing on preventing exploitation for sexual abuse, forced labor, slavery, organ removal, and child exploitation in the Philippines. It aims to combat recruitment, transportation, and harboring of people, especially women and children, for exploitative purposes.
What is article 23 in simple words?
Article 23. Prohibition of traffic in human being and forced labour. (1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
What is Section 23 of the criminal law?
(1)A person ("A") who unlawfully and intentionally engages the services of a complainant who is mentally disabled ("B"), for financial or other reward, favour or compensation to B or to a third person ("C")— (a)for the purpose of engaging in a sexual act with B, irrespective of whether the sexual act is committed or ...
What is Article 23 of the General Data Protection Regulation?
Article 23 mandates that specific Member State or Union Law (specific legislative measures) are required to restrict the scope of rights and obligations provided for in Articles 12 – 22 and Article 34 (and Article 5 insofar as those principles correspond to the rights afforded in the aforesaid Articles).
Did the 23rd Amendment face opposition?
Yes, the 23rd Amendment faced opposition in the South. Washington, DC was primarily African American and southern states did not want its citizens to have the right to vote. Most southern states failed to ratify the amendment. However, in 1961, it passed without their support.
What are the 5 limits to freedom of speech?
Five key limits to freedom of speech include incitement to violence, true threats, defamation, obscenity/child pornography, and speech integral to criminal conduct, all of which are generally unprotected because they cause direct harm, incite immediate illegal acts, or involve other serious offenses like fraud or perjury, despite free speech protecting even offensive or unpopular ideas.
What is not protected by freedom of speech?
The following speech may not be protected: Speech that is intended and likely to provoke imminent unlawful action (“incitement”). Statements where the speaker means to communicate a serious expression of an intent to commit an act of unlawful violence to a particular individual or group of individuals (“true threats”).
What are the 7 golden rules of data protection?
The principles are: Lawfulness, Fairness, and Transparency; Purpose Limitation; Data Minimisation; Accuracy; Storage Limitations; Integrity and Confidentiality; and Accountability.