What does Section 9 of the Constitution protect everyone from unfair discrimination?
Asked by: Mr. Favian Kiehn Sr. | Last update: February 7, 2026Score: 4.8/5 (32 votes)
The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds, including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth.
What is the purpose of section 9 of the Constitution?
9. (1) Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. (2) Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms.
How does the Constitution protect against discrimination?
The 14th Amendment provides, in part, that no state can "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Title IX specifically prohibits sex discrimination.
What does Section 9 of the Constitution mean?
The Meaning
Article I, Section 9 specifically prohibits Congress from legislating in certain areas. In the first clause, the Constitution bars Congress from banning the importation of slaves before 1808. In the second and third clauses, the Constitution specifically guarantees rights to those accused of crimes.
What are the key points of section 9?
Article 1, Section 9
- The Congress is expressly forbidden to prohibit the importation of slaves or migration before 1808.
- The Congress is expressly forbidden to suspend habeas corpus except during a rebellion or invasion.
- The Congress is expressly forbidden to pass a bill of attainder or ex post facto law.
What Is The Equal Protection Clause, Explained? - Guide To Your Rights
What does section 9 do?
Section 9 Powers Denied Congress
No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
What is the purpose of Section 9?
Section 9 defines which incomes are considered to accrue or arise in India, especially for non-residents and foreign entities, thereby determining their taxability in India. It aims to establish transparency and prevent tax evasion by clarifying the source of income.
What is Article 9 in simple words?
Article 9, Constitution of India 1950
No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of article 6 or article 8, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.
What powers does section 9 limit?
Section 9 Powers Denied Congress
No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
What is title 9 in simple terms?
Title IX is a federal civil rights law passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. This law protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance.
Which act protects against discrimination?
Discrimination law (Equality Act 2010) protects people against discrimination at work. It's important to understand what the law says about discrimination, so everyone knows their rights and responsibilities.
What are examples of Title IX violations?
Examples of the types of discrimination that are covered under Title IX include but are not limited to: sex-based harassment; sexual violence; pregnancy discrimination; the failure to provide equal athletic opportunity; sex-based discrimination in a school's science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses and ...
What is protection against discrimination?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as amended, protects employees and job applicants from employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin.
What is part 9 of the Constitution?
Part IX of the Constitution was inserted by the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992. It contains provisions for local self government at the rural level.
What is chapter 9 about?
The purpose of chapter 9 is to provide a financially-distressed municipality protection from its creditors while it develops and negotiates a plan for adjusting its debts.
What is the Article 9 of the Equality Act?
Article 9 protects your right to hold both religious and non-religious beliefs. This is an absolute right which means it can't be interfered with by the state. Article 9 includes the right to choose or change your religion or beliefs. It also means you can't be forced to have a particular religion.
What are the three limitations in section 9?
In Section 9, there are three limitations on the power of Congress to deny people rights. What are those three limitations? The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended; no bills of attainder passed; no ex post facto laws passed.
What are the key features of article 9?
Article 9 protects your right to freedom of thought, belief and religion. It includes the right to change your religion or beliefs at any time. You also have the right to put your thoughts and beliefs into action.
What is Section 9 of the 1987 Constitution?
The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.
What is Section 9 of the Human rights Act?
Description. No act or proceedings of the Commission shall be questioned or shall be invalidated merely on the ground of existence of any vacancy or defect in the constitution of the Commission.
What is Section 9 of the Constitution?
9. (1) Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law. (2) Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms.
When has Article 9 been violated?
One of the most infamous examples of violations of Article 9 occurred during World War II, when the Nazi regime in Germany implemented a policy of arbitrary arrests and detention of individuals deemed to be enemies of the state.
What is a section 9 petition?
The main objective of interim relief petitions under section 9 is urgent disposal and ensuring that the arbitration proceedings do not become infructuous. The reliefs under section 9 can be granted before or during arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the arbitral award but before it is enforced.
What is the jurisdiction of Section 9?
Section 9 of the C.P.C. provides that the civil courts have the jurisdiction to try all suits of a civil nature unless their jurisdiction is expressly or impliedly barred by a specific statute. This section ensures that individuals have the right to approach civil courts for the enforcement of their civil rights.
Who can file section 9?
When either the husband or the wife has, without reasonable excuse, withdrawn from the society of the other, the aggrieved party may apply, by petition to the district court, for restitution of conjugal rights and the court, on being satisfied of the truth of the statements made in such petition and that there is no ...