What is the II eye method?
Asked by: Ally D'Amore | Last update: February 7, 2026Score: 4.3/5 (37 votes)
The "II Eye Method" isn't a single, widely recognized term, but it likely refers to "Investigative Identification" (II) in forensic psychology, focusing on how witnesses identify suspects, or potentially an eye lift makeup technique (Instant Eye Lift) for artistry, both involving specific visual approaches to eye assessment or enhancement. In criminal investigations, II involves comparing a witness's memory to evidence, while in makeup, it's about techniques like shading and highlighting to lift the eye's appearance, using open-eye focus for realism.
What is the most commonly used method of eyewitness identification?
The photo array is the most common police-arranged identification procedure used in the United States. A photo array consists of six to nine photographs displayed to a witness. An officer might create an array by selecting photographs of persons deemed to resemble the perpetrator.
What is the meaning of the story that eye witnessed?
Eyewitness testimony is the account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, describing what that person observed that occurred during the specific incident under investigation. Ideally this recollection of events is detailed; however, this is not always the case.
How inaccurate is eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitness error is one of the leading causes of wrongful convictions. In fact, the American Psychological Association estimates that one in three eyewitnesses make an erroneous identification.
Is Yuille and Cutshall a case study?
A real life case study by Yuille and Cutshall (1986) contradicts the results of Loftus (1979) and the weapon focus effect. Yuille and Cutshall investigated the effect of anxiety in a real life shooting, in which one person was killed and another person seriously wounded.
How to Assess Eyes for PERRLA: Nursing Skills
What is the number #1 cause of wrongful convictions?
Eyewitness error is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in 72% of convictions overturned through DNA testing.
What are 5 cons of eyewitness testimony?
What factors can make eyewitness testimony unreliable?
- Limitations of memory. Human memory is often viewed as static, but in reality, memories of perceptual experiences are not necessarily fixed. ...
- Environmental factors. ...
- Questionable lineup procedures. ...
- Misrepresentation during trial. ...
- Questioning eyewitness testimony.
How to discredit an eye witness?
Cross-examination is one of the most effective tools for challenging eyewitness testimony. During cross-examination, your attorney can: Highlight inconsistencies between the witness's statements and other evidence. Undermine the witness's confidence in their memory.
Do children make good witnesses?
In the witness identification literature, the consensus is that children are unreliable witnesses, because their confidence judgments do not reflect their memory accuracy (Keast et al., 2007; Powell et al., 2013).
How does PTSD affect testimony?
Trauma also distorts how its victims display emotion when describing their experiences, said Dr. Maunder. “Emotionally, people who have experienced trauma often seem either overly emotional or under-emotional when describing themselves and events in their life,” he wrote.
Is the Bible an eye witness?
The Bible, like many books, was written by eyewitnesses (Luke 1:2; 2 Peter 1:16) to the events and circumstances that they recorded. That they were trustworthy witnesses is only to be expected, since God inspired them to co-author their respective portions of the Bible.
Does an eye witness hold up in court?
Eyewitness testimony can be compelling for a jury. Hearing that someone actually saw the crime committed, or saw the defendant leaving the scene immediately after the crime, is much more straightforward than drawing conclusions from technical evidence or piecing together circumstantial evidence.
What are the most common eyewitness errors?
Misleading or Lacking Pre-Identification Instructions: In traditional identification procedures, eyewitnesses are presented with one or more live or photograph line-ups that include a suspect and non-suspect “fillers.” If not provided with instructions to the contrary, the witness may assume that the perpetrator is in ...
What are the two basic types of criminal intelligence?
IT IS STATED THAT INFORMATION CAN BE GATHERED IN TWO PRINCIPAL WAYS - EITHER OVERTLY, OR COVERTLY. THE USES OF THE TWO TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION-STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL- ARE ALSO DESCRIBED.
What type of memory is used in eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitness memory is a person's episodic memory for a crime or other witnessed dramatic event. Eyewitness testimony is often relied upon in the judicial system. It can also refer to an individual's memory for a face, where they are required to remember the face of their perpetrator, for example.
What is evidence that if true proves an alleged fact such as an eyewitness account of a crime?
Direct Evidence. Direct evidence is any physical evidence or witness testimony that directly proves the fact in question without a need to “connect the dots” or make inferences based on the evidence.
Who cannot be called a witness?
Unavailability of Witness: The witness must be dead, cannot be found, is incapable of giving evidence, is kept out of the way by the adverse party, or their attendance cannot be procured without unreasonable delay or expense.
How much evidence do you need to convict someone?
Further, California criminal law allows the prosecution to convict a defendant on circumstantial evidence alone. If direct evidence were always necessary for a conviction, a crime would need a direct eyewitness, or the guilty party would avoid criminal responsibility.
What are the four psychological factors that can affect eyewitness testimony?
This is, in large part, because there are numerous factors that may affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
- Memory reconstruction. ...
- Lineup issues. ...
- Visual characteristics. ...
- Anxiety and stress. ...
- Obtaining legal representation.
What are the three burdens of proof?
The three main burdens (or standards) of proof in law, from lowest to highest, are Preponderance of the Evidence, required for most civil cases (more likely than not); Clear and Convincing Evidence, used in certain civil matters needing higher certainty; and Beyond a Reasonable Doubt, the strict standard for criminal convictions, meaning near-certainty of guilt.
How to prove someone is not credible?
Prior inconsistent statements/conduct
Perhaps the most effective and most frequently used form of impairing credibility is proof of a statement or conduct by the witness that is inconsistent with the trial testimony. (Evid. Code, § 780(h)) The inconsistency need not be a complete contradiction.
What is a voir-dire examination?
Voir dire is the process used to determine whether potential jurors can be fair and impartial in a trial. During this stage, attorneys and the judge ask questions to identify any biases or conflicts that might affect a juror's ability to decide the case based solely on the evidence.
Can witnesses be trusted?
A credible witness is a witness who comes across as competent and worthy of belief. Their testimony is assumed to be more than likely true due to their experience, knowledge, training, and sense of honesty. The judge and jurors will use these factors to determine whether they believe the witness is credible.
How many people have been wrongfully convicted due to eyewitness testimony?
Regrettably, it is impossible to know how many innocent men and women have been sentenced to prison or death on the basis of faulty eyewitness testimony. However, it has been estimated that more than 4,250 Americans per year are wrongfully convicted due to sincere, yet woefully inaccurate eyewitness identifications.
What is one significant problem with eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitnesses can provide very compelling legal testimony, but rather than recording experiences flawlessly, their memories are susceptible to a variety of errors and biases. They (like the rest of us) can make errors in remembering specific details and can even remember whole events that did not actually happen.