Who wrote Article 9?
Asked by: Kylee Hills II | Last update: May 27, 2026Score: 5/5 (35 votes)
The writer of "Article 9" depends on which constitution you mean: James Madison drafted the U.S. Constitution's Ninth Amendment, protecting unenumerated rights, while Japan's famous "no-war" Article 9 was largely conceived by American occupation forces, specifically General Douglas MacArthur's staff, though then-Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara also played a key role, sometimes taking credit.
Who made Article 9?
This constitution is sometimes called the "MacArthur Constitution," because General Douglas MacArthur, commander of all Allied forces in the Pacific, directed its writing. The United States fought and occupied Japan primarily to ensure that it would not go to war again, and Article 9 was written to guarantee this.
Who wrote article 9 of the Japanese constitution?
Most recent research, however, has conclusively corroborated Shidehara's authorship. The House of Representatives amended the Article and added "Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order," to Paragraph 1 and "In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph," to Paragraph 2.
Who wrote the 9th Amendment?
The Ninth Amendment was James Madison's attempt to ensure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting to the people of the United States only the specific rights it addressed.
What is article 9 of the constitution?
(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as "The Regents of the University of California," with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure the security of its funds and ...
What Is Article 9 Of The Japanese Constitution? - International Policy Zone
What is Article 9 in simple words?
Article 9, Constitution of India 1950
No person shall be a citizen of India by virtue of article 5, or be deemed to be a citizen of India by virtue of article 6 or article 8, if he has voluntarily acquired the citizenship of any foreign State.
Did the founding fathers put God in the Constitution?
No, the Founding Fathers did not put God in the U.S. Constitution; the document is notably silent on God and religion, a deliberate choice reflecting a consensus on separating church and state, though the Declaration of Independence did mention a Creator and the Articles of Confederation used "Great Governor of the World," while the Constitution includes a "Year of our Lord" in its date and bars religious tests for office in Article VI and the First Amendment protects religious freedom.
Why did the founding fathers create the 9th Amendment?
The Ninth Amendment was designed in part to clear out the ambiguity surrounding rights that went unaddressed, yet in so doing produced centuries of historical and political inquiry as to how these rights exist in American society.
Who wrote the Amendment?
Who Wrote the Bill of Rights. The first ten amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. James Madison wrote the amendments as a solution to limit government power and protect individual liberties through the Constitution.
When was part 9 added to the Constitution?
The 73rdConstitutional Amendment (1993) added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution. Part IX of the Constitution delegates power to institutions at the village and district levels, also known as the Panchayats.
What is Article 9?
Within the code one of the most important articles is Article 9, Secured Transactions, which provides the governing rules for any transaction that combines a debt with a creditor's interest in a debtor's personal property.
Why did Japan create Article 9?
Japan adopted this constitution following World War II, with Article 9 as a promise to itself and a pledge to the world, particularly neighboring countries that suffered under Japanese invasions and colonial rule, to never repeat its mistakes.
Who wrote the constitution?
James Madison, "the father of the Constitution," was one of the first to arrive in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention. He arrived in early May, bearing the blueprint for the new Constitution. Of the forty-two delegates who attended most of the meetings, thirty-nine actually signed the Constitution.
Is Article 9 still in effect?
Article 9 of its Constitution prevents Japan from increasing the number of treaty allies since it cannot pledge the full-spectrum of collective self-defense. Post-war Constitution of Japan is the only constitution in the world that has never been amended since its adoption during the occupation of Japan.
What is Article 9 of the Constitution of 1973?
9. Security of person. No person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance with law.
When has Article 9 been violated?
One of the most infamous examples of violations of Article 9 occurred during World War II, when the Nazi regime in Germany implemented a policy of arbitrary arrests and detention of individuals deemed to be enemies of the state.
Who actually hand wrote the US Constitution?
Jacob Shallus or Shalus (1750–April 18, 1796) was an American calligrapher who was the engrosser or penman of the original copy of the United States Constitution.
Did James Madison believe in Jesus?
Sheldon, in an essay on Madison in an edited work titled “Religion and the American Presidency” (Columbia University Press, 2009), maintains that Madison's intellectual life and long public service to his nation were directed by his “firm Christian faith and principles.” These included belief in God's sovereignty, ...
Can presidents change the Constitution?
The Constitution does not give a president the power to violate the Constitution, create or change congressional statutes, or override U.S. Supreme Court decisions—no matter what the EOs say.
Who proposed the 9th Amendment?
James Madison's initial draft of the Ninth Amendment expressly adopted the language suggested by the state conventions and he insisted the final draft expressed the same rule of construction desired by the states.
Why is the 9th Amendment considered to be controversial?
Controversies over the Ninth Amendment stem mainly from whether the Amendment has the power to grant previously unmentioned rights as the Court discovers them. Griswold v. Connecticut seems to point towards this interpretation, but the majority opinion only cited the Fifth Amendment, not the Ninth.
Why did the founding fathers write the US Constitution?
The Founding Fathers wanted to make it difficult for one person, party, or group to get control of the government. To achieve these goals, the Founding Fathers proposed a national government where power was divided between three separate branches of government: the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary.
What did Stephen Hawking say about God?
Stephen Hawking was an atheist who believed science, particularly M-theory, explained the universe's creation without needing a God, famously stating, "There is no God. No one directs the universe" in his final book, Brief Answers to the Big Questions. While he initially suggested a "mind of God" might be knowable through science, he later clarified that this meant understanding all that would exist if God did, concluding, "Which there isn't. I'm an atheist". He saw natural laws as sufficient to explain existence, viewing God as a human concept for the unknown, not a personal being.
Did all 613 laws come from God?
Yes, the 613 mitzvot (commandments) are traditionally believed to have been given by God to the Israelites through Moses at Mount Sinai, encompassing the whole of the Torah, not just the Ten Commandments, which are summaries of these laws. Jewish tradition, formalized by scholars like Maimonides, compiled these laws from the Old Testament into distinct positive ("do this") and negative ("do not do this") commands, though debate exists on the exact count and interpretation, with some laws being context-dependent or not applicable today.
What did Benjamin Franklin say about Jesus?
Benjamin Franklin admired Jesus' moral teachings, calling His system the "best the world ever saw," but had doubts about His divinity, viewing him as a great moral teacher rather than God, though he didn't dwell on the question, focusing instead on living virtuous lives by imitating Jesus and Socrates. He believed revealed religion had corrupted Jesus' original message and sought a rational, virtuous life grounded in doing good, a path accessible to people of all faiths.