Can you infringe an unregistered trademark?
Asked by: Mariam Murray | Last update: May 6, 2026Score: 4.5/5 (41 votes)
Yes, you can infringe an unregistered trademark, as common law rights protect marks used in commerce, but your enforcement is limited to your geographic area of use, unlike federally registered marks which provide nationwide protection. Infringement occurs if someone uses a similar mark that causes or is likely to cause consumer confusion, and the owner can sue under state laws or federal law (Lanham Act) for remedies like injunctions or damages.
Can you enforce an unregistered trademark?
Unregistered trademarks may still be protected by common law and unfair competition laws. If you do not register your trademark, you will have legal rights only within the geographic areas where you operate.
Can I use a trademark without registering it?
Businesses may use the ™ symbol (note that service businesses use an SM symbol) to indicate that they consider a mark to be their trademark, even if it is not registered. This symbol provides notice to others of your claim of exclusive rights to the trademark.
How long does an unregistered trademark last?
A common law trademark is an unregistered trademark where protection of rights is established and maintained through use in commerce. These rights do not expire as long as the mark is being used continuously.
Can you lose a trademark if you don't enforce it?
You did the work, filed the paperwork, and finally got the green light from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. But what happens next matters even more. If you don't defend that trademark, you could slowly lose the legal protection you worked so hard to secure.
Will Anyone See An Unregistered Trademark? | You Ask, Andrei Answers
Can someone steal my logo if it's not trademarked?
If your logo is registered with the USPTO (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office), you have a strong legal foundation to stop others from using it. But even without registration, you may still have common law rights if you've been using the logo consistently in commerce.
Can I sue for copyright infringement without registration?
Can I Sue for Copyright Infringement Without Registration? No, an individual cannot bring a lawsuit for copyright infringement without first registering their copyright. It may be possible to sue for an injunction that would order the individual using the copyrighted work to stop using it.
What is abandonment of unregistered trademark?
Abandonment of a trademark occurs when the owner of the trademark deliberately ceases to use the trademark for three or more years, with no intention of using the trademark again in the future. When a trademark is abandoned, the trademark owner may no longer claim rights to the trademark.
What is stronger, TM or R?
Legal Protection: The ® symbol provides stronger legal protection than ™. It gives you the right to sue for trademark infringement if someone else tries to use your registered trademark without permission.
Is it better to trademark or LLC?
An LLC protects personal assets from business liabilities (legal structure), while a trademark protects brand identity like names, logos, and slogans from copycats (intellectual property); they serve different roles, with an LLC forming the business foundation and a trademark safeguarding its brand, often used together for comprehensive business protection. Forming the LLC first offers a legal entity, but registering the trademark first secures brand rights earlier, with many recommending an availability search before either.
Can I use a trademark that has been abandoned?
If the mark has been abandoned for three to five years, odds are, you're in the clear. That's the span that the USPTO requires trademarks to be maintained, meaning if the proper paperwork hasn't been filed, it's potentially up for grabs.
Is Taylor Swift's name trademarked?
Yes, Taylor Swift has a massive trademark portfolio protecting her name, albums (like Midnights, 1989), iconic lyrics ("This Sick Beat," "The Old Taylor Can't Come to the Phone Right Now"), tour names, and even her cats (Meredith, Olivia, Benjamin) and fan terms ("Swifties," "Swiftmas") for various products and services. Her proactive strategy covers a wide range of merchandise and commercial uses to maintain brand control.
Can I put TM on my logo without registering?
If you want to claim a mark as your own before it has been officially registered, you can use the trademark symbol if you sell goods, ™, or the service mark symbol if you sell services, SM. You can use these even if you have not filed an application to register your mark.
How common are trademark lawsuits?
How Many Trademark Infringement Lawsuits Were Filed in 2020? In 2020, there were 11,941 trademark infringement lawsuits filed in the United States. This figure illustrates the significant number of disputes that reach the litigation stage, emphasizing the aggressive stance businesses take to protect their trademarks.
What happens if I make a trademark and never use it?
Under both federal law and in New York courts, a trademark is presumed abandoned after three consecutive years of non-use. That signals the mark no longer identifies your business. If you stop using it, others can step in, register it, and use it. Your legal protection disappears.
Is registered better than TM?
Registering a trademark (R) offers stronger legal protections than using an unregistered trademark (TM). A registered mark provides a legal presumption of ownership, requiring challengers to meet a higher burden of proof.
What names cannot be trademarked?
Names that can't be trademarked are typically generic terms (like "Coffee" for coffee), merely descriptive terms (like "Best Tasting" for food) without proven consumer recognition, common surnames, geographically descriptive names, and marks that are deceptive, offensive, scandalous, or confusingly similar to existing marks, as well as official insignia or symbols. These are generally barred because they aren't unique enough to identify a single source or would hinder public use and fair competition.
Why use R instead of TM?
The R symbol indicates that this word, phrase, or logo is a registered trademark for the product or service. It must only be used in the case of registered trademarks and by the owner or licensee. It also must only be used in the regions in which you possess a valid trademark registration.
Can I use a trademark before it's registered?
Unlike most countries, US trademark law generally requires that a mark be in use before it can be protected. The US recognizes common law rights in unregistered marks if they have been adopted in good faith and are in actual use on a product or to provide a service to the public.
Can you sue for trademark infringement without registration?
The lack of a federal registration means you will not have a presumption of ownership, but you can still sue an infringer for trademark infringement since the Lanham Act allows for lawsuits based on unregistered trademarks.
Can I buy an abandoned trademark?
Generally, a trademark needs to have been used within the last three years in order to stay protected. If the mark has been abandoned, then it becomes available to others. At this point it would be a good idea to file an intent to use application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Can you trademark without registering?
Under US trademark law, unregistered trademarks are protected under common law, although they have less protection than registered trademarks. In contrast to federal registration, common law trademarks are usually enforceable only within the geographic region or locale where the trademark owner is using it in business.
How do you enforce an unregistered trademark?
Enforcement of Unregistered Trademarks: To enforce their unregistered trademarks, owners must rely on state courts to bring infringement claims. This process can be more complex and costly than enforcing a federally registered trademark, but it is a viable option.
What is the 3 month rule for copyright?
The "copyright 3 month rule" in the U.S. refers to a key deadline for copyright owners: registering their work with the U.S. Copyright Office within three months of its first publication makes them eligible for significant benefits, including statutory damages and attorney's fees in infringement lawsuits, a remedy not available if registration occurs after infringement begins (unless within that three-month window). It's a strong incentive to register early, though copyright protection exists automatically upon creation, this timely registration unlocks powerful legal remedies.
What are the damages for unregistered copyright?
In general, anyone found liable for civil copyright infringement may be ordered to pay either actual damages or "statutory" damages affixed at not less than $750 and not more than $30,000 per work infringed. For "willful" infringement, a court may award up to $150,000 per work infringed.