How many parts are there in arbitration and conciliation Act?

Asked by: Christiana Effertz  |  Last update: May 18, 2026
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The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (India) has four main Parts: Part I covers domestic and international arbitration in India, Part II deals with enforcing foreign awards, Part III provides for conciliation, and Part IV contains supplementary provisions, with additional Schedules detailing international conventions and guidelines.

How many sections are there in the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

The Act is divided into four parts: Part I (Sections 2-43) – Applies to the place of arbitration in India. The award granted is treated as a domestic award. Part II (Sections 44-60) – Enforcement of foreign awards.

What are the parts of the arbitration act?

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 includes essential provisions like Section 7 (Arbitration Agreement), Section 9 (Interim Measures), Section 11 (Appointment of Arbitrators), Section 34 (Setting Aside an Award), and Section 36 (Enforcement of Awards) which together create a strong system that supports party ...

What is the difference between Part 1 and Part 2 of the arbitration Act?

Part I contains provisions relating to the commencement and conduct of arbitral proceedings held in India, as also challenge to and enforcement of awards. Part II deals with referring parties to (foreign-seated) arbitration and enforcement of foreign awards.

What are the sections of ADR?

ADR includes Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, Negotiation, Expert Determination, Early Neutral Evaluation by a third person, Mini-Trial, Dispute Resolution Board and Lok Adalat etc.

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What are the 4 types of ADR?

The four common types of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) are Negotiation, where parties talk directly; Mediation, using a neutral third party to facilitate; Conciliation, where a third party suggests solutions; and Arbitration, where a third party makes a binding decision, much like a judge, but outside of court. These methods help resolve disputes faster and cheaper than traditional litigation, with varying levels of third-party involvement and decision-making power. 

What are the key sections of arbitration act?

Principally, arbitration's nature as a “contract-creature” concerns the following three aspects of arbitration law: (1) the legal basis for resolving a dispute through arbitration is the consent of the parties; (2) an agreement to arbitrate is binding; and (3) the parties' agreement to arbitrate can furnish the rules ...

What are the 5 steps of arbitration?

There are five main stages to the arbitration process: (i) initial pleadings; (ii) panel selection; (iii) scheduling; (iv) discovery; (v) trial prep; and (vi) final hearing.

What is Section 3 of the Arbitration Act?

(1)Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, (a)any written communication is deemed to have been received if it is delivered to the addressee personally or at his place of business, habitual residence or mailing address, and (b)if none of the places referred to in clause (a) can be found after making a reasonable inquiry ...

What is Section 4 of arbitration?

According to this section, if a party proceeds with the arbitration process despite being aware of a procedural violation or defect and does not raise an objection without undue delay, that party is deemed to have waived the right to object.

What are the three types of arbitration?

The three common ways to categorize arbitration are by administration (Ad Hoc vs. Institutional), binding nature (Binding vs. Non-Binding), and origin/scope (Domestic vs. International), with Ad Hoc (self-managed) and Institutional (organization-managed) focusing on procedure, Binding/Non-Binding on enforceability, and Domestic/International on geographical context, all offering flexibility for dispute resolution. 

What is the 29 A of arbitration?

Section 29A lays down time limits for making an award by the arbitral tribunal. In matters other than international commercial arbitration, the award shall be made by the tribunal within 12 months from the date of completion of pleadings. Parties can consent to extend this period by a maximum of 6 months.

What are the salient features of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act?

To ensure that the arbitral tribunal acts within its jurisdiction. To permit the arbitral tribunal to use methods such as mediation and conciliation during the procedure of arbitration. To minimise the supervisory role of courts. To ensure that an arbitral award is enforceable as a decree of the court.

What is Section 9 of the A&C Act?

Scope of Section 9 and 17 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. Section 9 of the Act gives powers to the Civil Court hear and pass orders for interim relief to disputing parties desirous of dispute resolution by way of Arbitration in all kinds of matters.

What is the main goal of the arbitration Act?

The Federal Arbitration Act is a federal statute, codified at 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16, that protects the integrity of many arbitration agreements by deeming them valid, irrevocable, and enforceable.

What is Section 21 of the A&C Act?

Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the arbitral proceedings in respect of a particular dispute commence on the date on which a request for that dispute to be referred to arbitration is received by the respondent.

What is the rule 17 of arbitration?

Rule 17.

The Arbitrator may modify these obligations at the Preliminary Conference. (b) Each Party may take one deposition of an opposing Party or of one individual under the control of the opposing Party. The Parties shall attempt to agree on the time, location and duration of the deposition.

What is Section 7 of the Arbitration Act?

7. Arbitration agreement.—(1) In this Part, “arbitration agreement” means an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not.

What is Section 28 of the law?

As per Section 28, agreements by which a party is restricted absolutely from enforcing his rights under or in respect of a contract [Section 28(a)], or which extinguish the rights of a party from any liability in respect of a contract [Section 28(b)], are void to that extent.

What are the four stages of arbitration?

To give you an idea of the process that arbitration typically involves, the American Arbitration Association describes artibtration as having five main steps:

  • Filing and initiation. ...
  • Arbitrator selection. ...
  • Preliminary hearing. ...
  • Information exchange and preparation. ...
  • Hearings. ...
  • Post hearing submissions. ...
  • Award.

What is the order 37 of the arbitration Act?

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 Section 37 provides for filing of appeals against orders of the Court or for that matter an Arbitrator.

What is the 9 US Code 10?

9 U.S. Code § 10 - Same; vacation; grounds; rehearing. where the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award upon the subject matter submitted was not made.

What is Section 66 of the Arbitration Act?

66 Enforcement of the award.

(1)An award made by the tribunal pursuant to an arbitration agreement may, by leave of the court, be enforced in the same manner as a judgment or order of the court to the same effect. (2)Where leave is so given, judgment may be entered in terms of the award.

What is Section 32 of the arbitration?

What is Section 32 of Arbitration and Conciliation Act? Section 32 outlines the conditions under which arbitration proceedings may be terminated, such as the issuance of an award, mutual agreement of the parties, or inability to continue the proceedings.