Is there anything that can break attorney-client privilege?

Asked by: Prof. Petra Larson  |  Last update: February 19, 2026
Score: 4.5/5 (37 votes)

Yes, attorney-client privilege isn't absolute and can be broken by exceptions like the crime-fraud exception (planning future crimes), waiver (sharing with third parties), or when the client puts the attorney's advice at issue; also, attorneys may reveal information to defend themselves or if there's an imminent threat of serious harm.

Under what circumstances can attorney-client privilege be broken?

An attorney may be forced to break privilege if commanded by a court order, if they suspect their client may commit an additional crime, or if concealing the information would bring financial or bodily harm to another person.

What overrides attorney-client privilege?

The crime-fraud exception overrides the attorney-client privilege in cases where a client seeks a lawyer's assistance to commit an ongoing or future crime or fraud. The rationale for the exception is that these types of communications go against the purpose of the privilege.

Under what circumstances are you free to break confidentiality?

The law in the State of California mandates that information may be appropriately shared when the following conditions exist:

  • If you present an imminent threat of harm to yourself or others.
  • When there is an indication of abuse of a child, dependent adult or elderly adult.
  • If you become gravely disabled.

How do you lose legal privilege?

Waiving and losing privilege

Privilege can be waived or lost. This might be if the document or communication is provided to a third party deliberately or in error or if your client/you act in a way that undermines its confidential nature.

Attorney-Client Privilege: Can Your Lawyer Spill Your Secrets?

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What are the three exceptions to confidentiality?

There are three exceptions where confidentiality might be waived without a consent: 1) client is an immediate danger to self or others (i.e. suicide or homicide); 2) there is suspected child or elder abuse, neglect or maltreatment; 3) in legal cases, information may be subpoenaed by the court.

How might attorney-client privilege be lost or waived?

That's not always the case. Below are common exceptions and limitations: Presence of Third Parties: If someone outside the attorney-client relationship (such as a friend, business associate, or family member not directly involved in the legal matter) is present or copied on the communication, privilege may be waived.

What are the three reasons to break confidentiality?

Breaching confidentiality is only justified in specific circumstances where there's a severe threat to the patient or others, legal mandates require disclosure or public health concerns require sharing information to prevent harm.

Can a lawyer break confidentiality?

The confidentiality rule, for example, applies not only to matters communicated in confidence by the client but also to all information relating to the representation, whatever its source. A lawyer may not disclose such information except as authorized or required by the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law.

What is the most common breach of confidentiality?

Common breaches include accidental emails, discussing patients in public, and improper disposal of paper records. Technology-related risks involve lost unencrypted devices, sharing on social media, and staff accessing records without authorization.

Under which circumstances can an attorney violate the attorney-client privilege?

These include any of the following circumstances:

  • Communications that are not within the scope of legal representation. ...
  • When discussions between a client and their attorney take place in a location that is public, then this can breach the safeguards that attorney-client privilege offers. ...
  • The crime-fraud exception.

How serious is attorney-client privilege?

By its very nature, the attorney-client relationship affords a distinct, invaluable right to have communications protected from compelled disclosure to any third party, including business associates and competitors, government agencies and even criminal justice authorities.

What are the 5 C's of attorney-client privilege?

The 5 Cs of attorney-client privilege are key elements for protection: a Communication, made in Confidence, between a Client and Counsel, for the purpose of seeking or giving legal Counsel or advice, requiring all five to be present for the privilege to apply. These elements ensure that exchanges (like emails, texts, or conversations) are private and intended to facilitate legal help, preventing disclosure unless the privilege is waived. 

What is the most common complaint brought against lawyers?

The most common complaints against lawyers center on neglect, lack of communication (unreturned calls/emails, no updates), and fee issues (excessive, unclear, or improper billing), often stemming from poor client management and unmet expectations. Clients frequently feel uninformed, ignored, or surprised by costs, leading to formal grievances about missed deadlines, lack of transparency, or attorneys failing to act in the client's best interest, says Lalegalethics.org and ABA Journal. 

Can you sue for breaking confidentiality?

A breach of confidentiality is especially significant in the medical field, the legal profession, the military, or matters of state security. It is a common law offense, meaning it can be brought as a civil lawsuit against the person who broke the agreement.

What is not covered by attorney-client privilege?

The privilege extends only to communications that the client intends to be confidential. Communications made in non-private settings, or in the presence of third persons unnecessary to accomplish the purpose for which the attorney was consulted, are not confidential and are not protected by the privilege.

What destroys attorney-client privilege?

Here are our top ways to ruin the attorney-client privilege and have your embarrassing admissions get you in trouble.

  • 1 – Don't Seek Legal Advice. ...
  • 2 – Seek Legal Advice from Someone Else's Lawyer. ...
  • 3 – Share Information with a Third Party. ...
  • 4 – Ask Your Attorney to Help You Commit a Crime.

Can attorneys tell people who their clients are?

lawyer-client relationship of trust and prevents a lawyer from revealing the client's information even when not subjected to such compulsion. Thus, a lawyer may not reveal such information except with the informed consent* of the client or as authorized or required by the State Bar Act, these rules, or other law.

How long does attorney-client privilege last?

Attorney-client privilege protection lasts forever, but determining work product doctrine protection's duration presents a more subtle analysis. Most courts protect work product if it is sought in later litigation related in some way to the litigation for which it was created.

What are the 5 C's of confidentiality?

Learn about the 5 C's of confidentiality in therapy and when confidentiality can be breached. Communicate, consent, court order, communication of threat, and continued treatment are key factors to consider.

When can confidentiality be violated?

A breach of confidentiality can happen in many ways, including: Sharing trade secrets without authorization. Leaking customer or financial data to third parties. Using private information for personal gain or to harm another party.

What are four examples of exceptions to confidentiality?

Exceptions to the Duty of Confidentiality

  • Waiver. ...
  • In case of danger. ...
  • Committing a crime. ...
  • Infectious diseases. ...
  • Inspection and investigation by professional orders. ...
  • Search for the truth. ...
  • Protection of children. ...
  • People not criminally responsible due to mental illness.

How do you waive attorney-client privilege?

The privilege may be waived if the confidential communications take place in the presence of third parties unnecessary to accomplish the purpose for which the attorney's advice is sought, or if the confidential communications are disclosed under circumstances to which the privilege does not extend.

What is the best reason for the attorney-client privilege?

The purpose of the attorney-client privilege is to encourage clients to communicate freely with their attorneys, which enables attorneys to provide the best legal advice.

What is the punishment for breaking attorney-client privilege?

Regarding the breaching lawyer, the discipline may range from a slap on the wrist to disbarment. The ABA's Model Rule on client confidentiality - which is followed by most states - establishes when a communication is not privileged (and, necessarily, when communication is privileged, i.e. when it's not not privileged).