What are the limitations of order 1 rule 10?

Asked by: Prof. Rosalyn Aufderhar DDS  |  Last update: January 27, 2026
Score: 4.3/5 (70 votes)

Order 1 Rule 10 of the Indian Civil Procedure Code (CPC) allows courts to add or strike out parties for complete justice but has limitations, including that it generally can't add parties after long delays (e.g., 3 years) unless exceptional, isn't applicable to execution proceedings (use Order 21 instead), and courts won't add parties (especially as defendants) against the plaintiff's will unless necessary for justice, respecting the plaintiff's role as dominus litis (master of the suit). It also requires consent for adding someone as a plaintiff, and parties must be necessary or proper for resolving the real issues, not just witnesses.

What are the main points of order 1 rule 10?

Overview of Order I, Rule 10

  • Rule 10(1) allows the court to correct a case where a party is mistakenly named.
  • Rule 10(2) enables the court to add or remove any party to the suit, ensuring the real questions at issue are resolved completely.

Is order 1 rule 10 CPC appealable?

rejection of the application filed under Order 1 Rule 10 C.P.C is per se not a ground to reject the application for leave to file appeal.

What is the meaning of order 1 rule 10?

Under sub-para (2 ) of Order 1, Rule 10, a person may be added as a party to a suit in two cases only, ie., when he ought to have been joined and is not so joined, i.e., when he is a necessary party, or, when without his presence the questions in the suit cannot be completely decided.

What is order 1 rule 10 for deletion application?

Order I Rule 10(2) of the CPC empowers the Court to delete or add parties to the suit. The present petition was filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India seeking to set aside of the order whereby an application filed on behalf of the Respondent (Defendant no.

Kinds/ Types of Parties in Civil cases | Order 1 Rule 10 CPC | Afrasiab Mohal Advocate

26 related questions found

Can a suit be dismissed for misjoinder of parties?

A suit is not to be dismissed only on the ground of non-joinder or misjoinder of parties. The Court may allow the necessary parties to be joined, in at a later stage. The Court may in every suit deal with the matter in controversy so far as regards the rights and interests of the parties actually before it.

Can legal heirs take defence contrary to the deceased?

All the legal representative can do is to take up the suit at the stage at which it was left when the original defendant died and to continue it. They cannot take up a plea contrary to the one taken up by the deceased-defendant.

How to lower your CPC?

  1. 6 incredible ways to decrease CPC costs. So, your CPCs are skyrocketing. ...
  2. Keep it relevant. You must be tired of hearing this one, right? ...
  3. Don't forget about Quality Score. ...
  4. Improve click-through rate (CTR) with ad testing. ...
  5. Use negative keywords. ...
  6. Think about location, device, and ad schedule.

What factors influence CPC?

Various factors can influence CPC, including ad quality, keyword relevance, competition intensity, and audience targeting.

What is the application 1 rule 10 CPC?

“Under Order I, rule 10 or Order XXII, rule 10 C.P.C., the Court has discretion to allow any party to be joined or substituted as a party. Such discretion is exercised depending on the facts and circumstances of the case and is guided by the rules of propriety and justice.

What orders cannot be appealed?

Rule 43 of the High Court rules offers a mechanism for a spouse in divorce proceedings to approach the court for an interim order granting them child and/or spousal maintenance pending finalization of the divorce. It has always been a well-established fact that these orders cannot be appealed.

What are good grounds for appeal?

Good reasons to appeal a court decision center on legal or procedural errors, such as the judge misapplying the law, improper admission/exclusion of evidence, flawed jury instructions, constitutional violations, or insufficient evidence for a verdict, while financial aid appeals are strong when family circumstances change (job loss, high medical bills). The key is showing the lower court made a significant mistake that affected the outcome, not just disagreeing with the result.
 

What is the limitation of first appeal?

11. Article 116 of the Limitation Act provides the period of limitation for an appeal, a) to a High Court i.e., 90 days from the date of order/decree; and b) to any other court from an order, 30 days from the date of order/decree.

What is the order 1 rule 10 CPC in execution proceedings?

ORAL ARGUMENTS (FOR ALLOWING APPLICATION)

The applicant has a direct and substantial interest in the subject matter. Without his presence, no effective decree can be passed. Order 1 Rule 10 CPC empowers the Court at any stage. The impleadment will avoid multiplicity of litigation.

How can I improve my CPC?

Now that you know more on Google's Quality Score and how it relates to CPC, read on for steps to improve your CPC.

  1. Adjust your bidding strategy. ...
  2. Avoid competitive and branded keywords. ...
  3. Target long-tail keywords. ...
  4. Use negative keywords. ...
  5. Use single-keyword ad groups. ...
  6. Segment your audience and your ads.

Is a high or low CPC better?

Cost Per Click (CPC) refers to the amount an advertiser pays each time someone clicks on their ad. It's a core performance metric in PPC campaigns that directly ties spend to user engagement. A lower CPC indicates more efficient ad spend, while a higher CPC may suggest room for optimization.

What are the disadvantages of CPC?

No Conversion Guarantee – The biggest drawback of the CPC pricing model is that clicks don't equal conversions. Even with high traffic, poor landing pages or mismatched offers can leave you with little to no business value. 2. Vulnerability to Low-Quality Traffic – Not every click comes from a motivated user.

What factors affect CPC?

Factors That Influence CPC and How to Improve It

  • Industry and Competition. As mentioned earlier, CPC varies widely by industry. ...
  • Ad Quality and Relevance. ...
  • Targeting and Audience Segmentation. ...
  • Time of Day, Seasonality, and Device Type. ...
  • Landing Page Experience. ...
  • Call Tracking as a CPC Optimization Tool.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of CPC?

Advantage and Disadvantage of CPC 🎭

It provides a solid scalable quantity in the calculation of advertising budgets, charging customers for the exact number of times their ad was actually perceived by users. A disadvantage of the CPC is that clicks can be generated very easily and advertisers can be swindled.

What is a bad CPC?

A bad cost per click significantly exceeds the industry average value without corresponding to a higher conversion rate or revenue. It's a clear indicator of inefficiency in ad spend. For instance, a CPC above $3 in the technology sector can be considered high if it doesn't lead to proportionate conversions.

Why is my CPC so high?

Ad quality: Poorly crafted ads or those with low relevance to the target audience can trigger poor Quality Scores, leading to increased CPCs. Landing page experience: Landing pages that fail to align with user intent or offer a subpar user experience can negatively impact Quality Scores and drive up costs.

Which of the following helps to lower CPC?

Here are the fastest ways to reduce your cost per click: Improve Quality Score – Better ad relevance can reduce CPC by 50% (Quality Score 10 vs 5) Add negative keywords – Filter out irrelevant clicks that waste budget. Use long-tail keywords – Target specific phrases with lower competition.

Who are disqualified heirs for succession?

The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 declares that a person who commits murder or abets the commission of murder of the diseased is disqualified from inheriting the property of that person as well as from acquiring any property that would have come to him or her through that act of succession.

What are the biggest mistakes people make with their will?

“The biggest mistake people make with doing their will or estate plan is simply not doing anything and having no documents at all. For those people who have documents, the next biggest mistake people make is to let the documents get stale.

Can you sue the estate of a dead person?

Can You Sue A Deceased Person? The short answer to this question in California is yes. Two sets of California statutes set out the applicable law under these circumstances: Code of Civil Procedure Sections 337.40 through 377.42; and Probate Code Sections 550 through 554.