What does article 97 protect?
Asked by: Kiera Langworth Sr. | Last update: June 3, 2026Score: 4.3/5 (32 votes)
Article 97 of the Massachusetts Constitution protects citizens' right to a clean environment, including natural, scenic, and historic qualities, by requiring a two-thirds legislative vote to convert conservation lands (parks, forests, etc.) to other uses, ensuring their long-term protection from short-term pressures and mandating no net loss of such open spaces. It also empowers the state to acquire and protect natural resources, treating conservation as a public purpose.
What is the purpose of Article 97?
Article 97 of the Amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution (Art. 97) establishes a right to a clean environment including its natural, scenic, historical, and aesthetic qualities for the citizens of the Commonwealth.
What is Article 97 in simple words?
Article 97 of the Indian Constitution says that the salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha can only be determined by the Parliament through legislation.
How does Article 97 relate to other laws?
It provides, in part, that “Lands and easements taken or acquired for [Article 97] purposes shall not be used for other purposes or otherwise disposed of except by laws enacted by two thirds vote, taken by yeas and nays, of each branch of the general court.” Article 97 purposes include dedication of public land to open ...
What does the 97th Amendment cover?
The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 granted cooperative societies constitutional recognition and protection. In this context, it amended the Constitution in three ways: It established the right to organise cooperative organisations as a basic right (Article 19)
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What is the 97th amendment in India?
The 97th Amendment, enacted in 2011, granted constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies in India. Ans. It came into effect on 15th February 2012.
Why is part 7 removed?
Part VII of the Indian Constitution was repealed by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, because it dealt with "Part B States" (former princely states) that became redundant after the major States Reorganisation created a more uniform structure of only States and Union Territories, making the separate classification of Part B States obsolete.
What is the meaning of section 97?
In simple words, Section 97 of the Indian Penal Code grants every person the right to defend their own body and the body of others against any offense affecting the human body, and also to defend their own or others' property against theft, robbery, mischief, or criminal trespass.
How did the 97th Amendment impact India?
Introduction. The Constitution (97th Amendment Act), 2011 makes provisions for Co-operative societies in India. The Amendment provided legal status and protection to Co-operative societies, and it makes an effort to address all of their issues and develop effective management techniques.
What is Article 97 of the Revised Penal Code?
Article 97 of the Revised Penal Code provides for allowance for good conduct, and recognizes the ability of prisoners to reform while serving their sentence.
What is Section 97 of the IPC?
The property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of any other person, against any act which is an offence falling under the definition of theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass, or which is an attempt to commit theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass.
How many articles of Unclos are there?
UNCLOS contains over 300 Articles, grouped into 17 Parts, and has nine Annexes. Its provisions concern a range of matters, from the right to conduct marine scientific research to the definition of warships. Two important sets of provisions relate to maritime zones and boundaries, and dispute settlement mechanisms.
Which directive principle was added by the 97th Amendment Act 2011?
Promotion of co-operative societies was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 97th Amendment Act, 2011. This amendment aims to encourage the development of cooperative societies, which play a significant role in the socio-economic development of the country.
What is the Local Government Act of 1997?
An Act to amend, consolidate and streamline the existing law on local governments in line with the Constitution to give effect to the decentralisation and devolution of functions, powers and services; to provide for decentralisation at all levels of local governments to ensure good governance and democratic ...
What is the importance of article 11?
Article 11 of Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to make any provision with respect to the acquisition and termination of citizenship and all other matters relating to citizenship. This article grants Parliament the authority to regulate citizenship laws.
What is the purpose of article 17?
Article 17. Abolition of Untouchability. -"Untouchability" is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of "Untouchability" shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.
When was the 97th Amendment passed?
I am directed to say that the Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 relating to cooperative societies has come into force w.e.f. 15.02. 2012 vide Gazette Notification dated 08.02.
Which article was amended in the 97th?
The 97th Amendment of the Constitution (2011) gave constitutional recognition to co-operative societies, added the right of co-operative societies to the right to form unions in Article 19 (1) (c), added Part IX-B, democratic process for management, regular elections, Financial transparency, and provided limited powers ...
What does the 9th Amendment say word for word?
“The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”
What is Section 97 petition?
If any District Magistrate, Sub-divisional Magistrate or Magistrate of the first class has reason to believe that any person is confined under such circumstances that the confinement amounts to an offence, he may issue, a search-warrant, and the person to whom such warrant is directed may search for the person so ...
What is the meaning of 97?
The meaning of "97" varies by context, representing the number itself (the 25th prime number, atomic number 97 is Berkelium). It can also refer to Psalm 97 in the Bible, symbolize "ends" or "borders" in Hebrew scripture, act as a Star Code for phone services (*97 to manage anonymous calls), or hold spiritual significance (angel number) related to divine guidance and endings.
What are the 5 types of punishment in IPC?
Ans. The five punishments given to criminals in India are death penalty, life imprisonment, imprisonment, forfeiture of property, and solitary confinement.
Why is the 7th Amendment not incorporated?
history of this amendment and the Court's jurisprudence in this area show that the Seventh Amendment provision of civil jury trials should remain unincorporated as to the states. A. Non-Incorporation Is Consistent With The History And Purpose Of The Seventh Amendment And The Court's Older Jurisprudence.
How many articles are there in part 7?
Part V – The Union – Articles 52 to 151. Part VI – The States – Articles 152 to 237. Part VII – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed) – Article 238. Part VIII – Union Territories – Articles 239 to 242.
How many articles are there in India's Constitution?
Now the Constitution of India has 448 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules.