What is Article 34 of the Basic law?
Asked by: Albina Auer | Last update: June 23, 2026Score: 5/5 (18 votes)
Article 34 of the Hong Kong Basic Law guarantees residents the freedom to engage in academic research, literary and artistic creation, and other cultural activities. It protects the intellectual and creative pursuits of individuals within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
What does article 34 mean?
Article 34 most commonly refers to a provision in the California Constitution (Article XXXIV), passed in 1950, which requires local voter approval (a referendum) before any publicly funded "low-rent housing project" can be developed, constructed, or acquired by a state public body. It is often criticized for hindering affordable housing development.
What happens if a law violates the Grundgesetz?
3 According to the German Constitutional Court Act, the Constitutional Court ought to declare a law to be null and void if it violates the German Constitution.
What is the significance of section 34 of the Constitution?
To ensure that rights are protected, section 34 of the Constitution creates a right to have threats to rights, violations of rights and disputes determined fairly before independent bodies such as courts.
What does article 33 and 34 say?
Article 33 allows Parliament to restrict or modify certain fundamental rights specifically for members of the armed forces and other forces responsible for public order. Article 34 defines the expression 'martial law' in the Constitution.
Article 34 | Fundamental Rights & Martial Law.
What is the purpose of article 34?
First passed in 1950, Article 34 “appealed to racist fears about integrating neighborhoods” with the intent of keeping affordable housing and communities of color from entering certain areas.
Can a person be prosecuted under Section 34 without charge?
Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) deals with acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention, often invoked alongside substantive offences like murder or abetment. However, convicting someone under this provision without properly framing a charge raises serious procedural concerns.
Has any president ignored a Supreme Court order?
In two notable nineteenth-century cases—Worcester v. Georgia (1832) and Ex parte Merryman (1861)—presidents took no action to enforce Supreme Court rulings under circumstances where many argued that they were obligated to do so.
What rights are protected by Grundgesetz?
(1) Freedom of faith and of conscience and freedom to profess a religious or philosophical creed shall be inviolable. (2) The undisturbed practice of religion shall be guaranteed. (3) No person shall be compelled against his conscience to render military service involving the use of arms.
Who is the greatest judge of all time?
John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801–1835), is most frequently cited by historians and legal scholars as the greatest judge of all time. His work, particularly in Marbury v. Madison, established the principle of judicial review, cementing the Supreme Court's power.
What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 34?
Republic Act No. 34 was enacted to establish a 70-30 sharing arrangement between tenant and landlord. The 70% of the harvest will go to the person who shouldered the expenses for planting, harvesting and for the work animals. It also reduced the interest of landowners' loans to tenants at not more than 6%.
What happens when constitutional rights are violated?
Section 1983 claims can involve various constitutional violations, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, due process, equal protection, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. The law allows individuals to seek damages, injunctive relief, and attorney's fees for violations of their rights.
What is Constitution 34?
Section 34 states that members of the House of Representatives must have lived in Australia for at least 3 years and must be a 'subject of the Queen,' which included people from the UK and New Zealand at the time the Constitution was written.
What is the Article 34 of the Constitution?
Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, Parliament may by law indemnify any person in the service of the Union or of a State or any other person in respect of any act done by him in connection with the maintenance or restoration of order in any area within the territory of India where martial ...
What is Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human rights?
Article 34 - Individual applications
The Court may receive applications from any person, non-govern mental organisation or group of individuals claiming to be the victim of a violation by one of the High Contracting Parties of the rights set forth in the Convention or the Protocols thereto.
What does article 30 of Human rights mean?
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
Who can declare a president incompetent?
Under Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet (or a body designated by Congress) can declare the President unable to perform their duties. This initiates a temporary transfer of power, which Congress can finalize by a two-thirds vote if the President contests it.
How is Article 34 enforced?
In accordance with article 34 of the Convention, “If the Committee receives information which appears to it to contain well-founded indications that enforced disappearance is being practised on a widespread or systematic basis in the territory under the jurisdiction of a State Party, it may, after seeking from the ...
What is an article 34 amendment?
An Article 34 amendment allows for amendment of not only the claims, but also of the written description and drawings, without adding new matter.
What is Section 34 of the criminal law?
Section 34, The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
Section 34 allows an inference to be drawn when a suspect is silent when questioned under caution prior to charge (section 34(1)(a)). An inference can also be drawn when a defendant is silent on charge (section 34(1)(b)).
Can they charge someone with no evidence?
The short answer is yes. California law does not require physical evidence for a prosecutor to file criminal charges. Instead, the decision depends on whether enough credible evidence exists to build a convincing case.
What is the case of 34?
One of the sections that fall under this refers to Section 34 of the IPC. In contrast to this general norm, IPC 1860 section 34 provides that when criminal behavior is undertaken by a group of persons with a “common intention,” each of them is held liable for the crime as if it were committed by him alone.
What are 5 things the president can't do?
Based on the U.S. Constitution and security protocols, the President cannot unilaterally make laws, declare war, or decide how federal money is spent. They also cannot interpret laws (a duty of the Supreme Court) or appoint Cabinet members and Supreme Court Justices without Senate approval.
Which President fathered a child at 70?
John Tyler, the 10th U.S. President (1841–1845), fathered his last child at age 70. Born in 1790, Tyler had 15 children—the most of any president—with his second wife, Julia Gardiner Tyler, being much younger. His family line is famous for having a living grandson, Harrison Ruffin Tyler, well into the 21st century.
Who was President for 45 minutes?
Pedro Lascuráin, the former foreign minister of Mexico, was president for approximately 45 minutes on February 19, 1913, in what is recognized as the shortest presidency in history. He was installed simply to legalize a coup by Victoriano Huerta, for whom he immediately resigned.