What is the 102th amendment?
Asked by: Caroline Daniel | Last update: June 30, 2026Score: 4.1/5 (20 votes)
The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 2018 in India granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC). Enacted on August 11, 2018, it inserted Articles 338B and 342A into the Constitution to empower the commission to investigate and protect the rights of socially and educationally backward classes (SEBCs).
What does the 102 amendment deal with?
India passed the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act on August 11, 2018. This Act gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC), which had originally been set up in 1993.
What is the 102 and 103 amendment?
The document outlines several amendments to the Indian Constitution, including the 101st Amendment introducing GST for a unified tax system, the 102nd Amendment constitutionalizing the National Commission for Backward Classes, and the 103rd Amendment providing 10% reservation for economically weaker sections.
What is the 59th amendment?
The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988, passed in India, amended Article 356 to extend the maximum duration of President's Rule in Punjab to three years and allowed for the declaration of Emergency based on "internal disturbance". It facilitated stricter security measures in Punjab, enabling suspension of the right to life under Article 21.
What is the 102 and 105 amendment?
105 Constitutional Amendment Act
It also amends Articles 366(26C) and 338B. The key takeaway is that states retain the authority to maintain their own OBC lists. The 102nd Amendment had created a Central List of OBCs controlled solely by the Centre, without affecting the state's powers.
The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 | Polity Primer | Drishti IAS English
What is the 106 Amendment?
The Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023, also known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, is a landmark Indian legislation that reserves 33% of seats for women in the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the Delhi Assembly. Introduced in September 2023, it aims to enhance women's political representation.
What is the 104 Constitutional Amendment?
The 104th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2020 extends SCs/STs seat reservations in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies until 2030 while abolishing the Anglo-Indian reserved seats.
What does "I plead the 6th" mean?
"I plead the 6th" refers to invoking the Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution, which guarantees a person the right to legal counsel, a fair, speedy, and public trial by an impartial jury, and the right to know who their accusers are. It is a demand for legal representation and due process before answering to criminal charges.
What is the 52 Amendment?
The 52nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, passed in 1985, introduced the Anti-Defection Law to prevent elected representatives (MPs and MLAs) from switching parties for personal gain. It added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution, providing for the disqualification of members who voluntarily give up their party membership or vote against their party's direction.
What is the 69 Amendment?
The 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991, elevated Delhi to the "National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi," establishing a Legislative Assembly and a Council of Ministers headed by a Chief Minister, effective February 1, 1992.
What is the 11nth amendment?
The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1795, restricts the ability of individuals to sue states in federal court, establishing the doctrine of state sovereign immunity. It was passed to overturn the Supreme Court's decision in Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), which had allowed a citizen of one state to sue another state in federal court.
What is the 102nd amendment 2018?
The Supreme Court, in May 2021, held that the 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 removed the power of the states to identify socially and educationally backward classes under their territory for grant of quota in jobs and admissions. What is the Constitution (One Hundred and Second) Amendment Act of 2018 all about?
What is the 101st amendment?
The 101 Constitutional Amendment Act was instrumental in conducting in India's Goods and Services Tax (GST). The Goods and Services Tax replaced all the erstwhile indirect taxes that were levied on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services across the country.
What are the two rejected amendments?
We also know that the First and Second Amendments of the original 12 amendments were not officially ratified. Nine of fourteen states voted in favor of the original First Amendment: Delaware and Pennsylvania voted “no.” Two more votes were needed for passage if we follow the 11/14 requirement.
What is Article 102 2 of the Constitution?
(2) A person shall be disqualified for being a member of either House of Parliament if he is so disqualified under the Tenth Schedule.
Why is the 11th Amendment important today?
The 11th Amendment is crucial today because it upholds the doctrine of state sovereign immunity, generally preventing private individuals from suing state governments in federal court without the state's consent. It protects state treasuries and autonomy, shaping the balance of power between state governments, the federal judiciary, and individuals.
What is the 27th amendment called?
The 27th Amendment is called the Congressional Compensation Amendment or the Congressional Pay Amendment. Ratified in 1992, it stipulates that any law changing the salary of Senators and Representatives cannot take effect until after the next election of the House of Representatives.
Which amendment has no slavery?
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. Ratified in 1865, it permanently outlawed the ownership of enslaved people across the country, except as a punishment for a crime for which a person was duly convicted.
What is the 60th constitutional amendment?
The Sixtieth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988, amended article 276 of the Constitution relating to taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
Which amendment makes a president unfit?
The 25th Amendment, ratified in 1967, provides the legal framework for addressing a president who is "unfit" or unable to discharge their duties. Section 4 allows the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet to declare the president unfit, immediately transferring power to the Vice President, with Congress resolving any disputes.
What amendment took 200 years?
The Twenty-seventh Amendment (Amendment XXVII, also known as the Congressional Pay Amendment or the Congressional Compensation Act of 1789) to the United States Constitution states that any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress may take effect only after the next election of the House of ...