What is the 102th Constitutional Amendment?
Asked by: Prof. Ciara Abernathy | Last update: February 6, 2026Score: 4.6/5 (27 votes)
The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 2018 in India granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC), making it a constitutional body like the commissions for SCs/STs, adding Articles 338B and 342A, and shifting the power to identify Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) from states to the President, a move upheld by the Supreme Court to centralize identification.
What is the 102 Constitutional Amendment?
India passed the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act on August 11, 2018. This Act gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC), which had originally been set up in 1993. Article 338B was introduced to formally establish the NCBC as a constitutional body.
What is the 103 Constitutional Amendment?
What is the 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act? The 103rd Amendment Act provides for reservations in state appointments and admission to educational institutions for "Economically Weaker Sections of Citizens (EWS)". This reservation can cover up to 10% of the total available seats.
What is the 101th Constitutional Amendment?
GST shall be levied and collected by the Central Government and such tax shall be apportioned between the Union and the States in the manner as may be provided by Parliament by law on the recommendations of GST Council.
What is Section 102 of the Constitution?
102. (1) If the National Assembly, by a vote supported by a majority of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet excluding the President, the President must reconstitute the Cabinet.
The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 | Polity Primer | Drishti IAS English
Who can remove the President from office?
The Constitution gives Congress the power to impeach federal officials. An official can be impeached for treason, bribery, and “other high crimes and misdemeanors.” The House of Representatives brings articles (charges) of impeachment against an official. Learn more about the House's role in impeachment.
What is disqualification on grounds of defection?
Paragraph-2: Disqualification on grounds of defection.
Paragraph 2.2 states that any member, after being elected as a representative of a certain political party, shall be disqualified if he/she joins any other political party after the election.
What is the 100th constitutional amendment?
[28th May, 2015.] An Act further to amend the Constitution of India to give effect to the acquiring of territories by India and transfer of certain territories to Bangladesh in pursuance of the agreement and its protocol entered into between the Governments of India and Bangladesh.
What is the 110th Amendment of the Constitution?
Offices of Chairpersons in Panchayats shall be reserved for SC/STs and women in a manner to be prescribed the state legislatures. The reservation shall be in proportion to the population of SC/STs in the state.
What is the 118th Amendment?
Amendment: Section 2B6. 1(b)(3)[formerly (b)(2)] is amended by deleting "organized criminal activity" and inserting in lieu thereof "an organized scheme to steal vehicles or vehicle parts, or to receive stolen vehicles or vehicle parts".
What is the 107th amendment?
"107 amendment" refers to various legislative proposals or enacted changes, most prominently Oregon's Measure 107 (2020), which authorized campaign finance limits, and a U.S. House Joint Resolution (H.J.Res. 107) in the current 119th Congress (2025-2026) to prohibit non-citizens from voting in U.S. elections. Other examples include India's Constitution (107th Amendment) Bill, 2007, regarding the Gorkha Hill Council, and amendments to the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines or Federal Rules of Evidence (like Rule 107 for Illustrative Aids).
What is the 81st Constitutional Amendment?
The 81st Constitution amendment was made by inserting Article 16 (4B) to treat backlog vacancies as a separate class.
What is the 27th amendment called?
Constitutional Amendments – Amendment 27 – “Financial Compensation for the Congress” Amendment Twenty-seven to the Constitution was ratified on May 7, 1992. It forbids any changes to the salary of Congress members from taking effect until the next election concludes.
What are the two rejected amendments?
The two rejected amendments from the original 1789 proposal, which became the Bill of Rights, were the Congressional Apportionment Amendment (setting a formula for House size) and the Congressional Pay Amendment (requiring intervening elections for pay raises). While the first remains unratified, the second eventually passed in 1992 as the 27th Amendment.
What is the 112th Amendment?
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, ...
What is the 104 constitutional amendment?
The 104th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2020 extends SCs/STs seat reservations in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies until 2030 while abolishing the Anglo-Indian reserved seats. It also amends Article 334 to reflect these changes.
What is the 69 Amendment?
2016 Colorado Amendment 69 was an initiated constitutional amendment that appeared on the November 8, 2016, ballot. The measure aimed to create universal healthcare for state residents by introducing ColoradoCare, which would be paid for through the introduction of a 10% payroll tax.
What is the 95th Amendment Act?
The Ninety-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009, extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and representation of the Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies for ...
What is the 13yh Amendment?
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
What is the 99th Constitutional Amendment?
The Ninety-ninth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 2014, formed a National Judicial Appointments Commission.
What is the 106th Constitutional Amendment?
106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023 ensures one-third reservation for women in Lok Sabha, State Assemblies & Delhi Assembly, post-delimitation. The 106th Amendment Act, 2023 provided for one-third reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State assemblies.
What is the 43th Amendment of the Constitution?
The Forty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as the Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977, repealed six articles that had been inserted into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment which had been enacted by the Indira Gandhi-led Indian National Congress during the Emergency.
Why is part 7 removed?
Ans. Part 7 dealt with Part-B states. After the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956, Part-B states were merged with others, making this part redundant, so it was repealed.
What is Article 79 and 80?
Ans : Article 79: Constitution of parliament deals with the constitution of the Parliament of India. Ans : Article 80: Composition of the council of State deals with the composition of the council of state and the manner of election of its members.
What is the 42 and 44 Amendment Act?
The 42nd Amendment (1976) significantly centralized power and restricted rights during India's Emergency, while the 44th Amendment (1978) was enacted to undo many of those changes, restore democratic safeguards, limit executive authority, and strengthen Fundamental Rights, like changing "internal disturbance" to "armed rebellion" for emergencies and making the President's advice binding only after one reconsideration.