What is the first stage of a lawsuit?

Asked by: Otto Lynch  |  Last update: February 28, 2026
Score: 4.5/5 (67 votes)

The first stage of a civil lawsuit is the pleadings stage, which officially begins when the plaintiff files a complaint (or petition) with the court and serves it upon the defendant.

What are the stages of a lawsuit?

Civil lawsuits have several distinct steps: pleadings, discovery, motions, trial, and sometimes appeal. These steps generally proceed consecutively in the order I have listed them, although motions can, and frequently are, made at almost any point.

What are the 5 stages in a typical lawsuit?

The five typical stages of litigation are Pleadings, Discovery, Motions, Trial, and Appeal, where lawsuits begin with formal documents (Pleadings), parties gather evidence (Discovery), judges rule on issues (Motions), arguments are presented (Trial), and dissatisfied parties can challenge the outcome (Appeal), though most cases settle before trial.
 

What is the first step of every lawsuit?

The lawsuit begins by the drafting and filing of a complaint. That is a document that explains to the the Defendant and the court what the Plaintiff is suing for. The complaint must be personally served on the Defendant within sixty (60) days of the complaint being filed with the court.

What is the first formal stage of a lawsuit?

Step 1: Initial Consultation & Case Evaluation

Your lawyer will assess the facts, explain how the law applies, and advise whether your case is strong enough to proceed. If it qualifies for legal action, they'll begin collecting evidence, including: Dates, locations, and sequence of the incidents.

A Civil Lawsuit Explained in Steps | The Civil Litigation Process

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Who gets paid first in a lawsuit?

Generally, attorney fees and medical liens are paid first, and then the remaining amount goes to you. However, the process involves several legal steps, paperwork, and strategic negotiations before you see your share. Understanding this order of payments is crucial for planning your finances after a settlement.

What phase of a lawsuit is usually the longest?

After the initial pleadings, the case moves into the discovery phase, which is often the longest stage of litigation. Discovery involves exchanging evidence, taking depositions, and making requests for documents.

How much does it usually cost to sue?

Average lawsuit costs vary dramatically, from around $1,000-$5,000 for small claims to tens or even hundreds of thousands for complex civil cases, with median costs for typical matters like auto or employment disputes ranging from $43,000 to over $122,000, depending heavily on complexity, case type, attorney fees (often hourly or contingency), and expert witness involvement. 

How does one win a lawsuit?

In a civil case, the plaintiff must convince the jury by a “preponderance of the evidence” (i.e., that it is more likely than not) that the defendant is responsible for the harm the plaintiff has suffered.

Who gets deposed first in a lawsuit?

The most obvious deponents are the parties themselves. They are usually deposed first. After that, the lay witnesses are deposed, followed by the experts.

How do you know if you will win a lawsuit?

Five Signs You Have a Winning Case

  • Irrefutable Evidence. ...
  • Medical Records Document Your Injuries. ...
  • You Were Injured After Someone's Negligent Act. ...
  • You Haven't Inadvertently Harmed Your Case. ...
  • History of a Similar Event or the Defendant Admits Fault. ...
  • Contact Veron Bice, LLC for Help Getting Fair Compensation.

Do most lawsuits settle?

The vast majority of lawsuits never reach trial, as they are resolved through legal settlements. A settlement occurs when both parties in a dispute agree to resolve the matter outside of court, often involving financial compensation.

How serious is a lawsuit?

So, how serious is a civil lawsuit? Very. While it won't put you behind bars, it can take a heavy toll on your finances, time, and emotional well-being. Whether you're a plaintiff or a defendant, you should approach the situation with caution and professional legal support.

How fast can you settle a lawsuit?

Quick Answer

A settlement can take anywhere from a few weeks to over five years to close. Straightforward personal injury cases, like a car accident lawsuit from a rear-end collision, are more likely to resolve quickly. A medical malpractice case is more likely to take several years.

What must be proven to win a civil case?

To win a civil case, the plaintiff must prove their claims by a "preponderance of the evidence," meaning their version of events is more likely true than not (over 50% probability) – essentially tipping the scales of justice slightly in their favor, unlike the "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard in criminal cases. The specific elements to prove vary by case (e.g., contract breach, discrimination, personal injury) but generally involve showing the defendant caused harm or failed a duty, and proving the extent of damages suffered. 

What happens when I win a lawsuit?

If You Won a Court Verdict

The judge has ruled in your favor, declaring that the other party is legally obligated to provide compensation for your losses. Once the trial is over, some defendants voluntarily pay. In many cases, however, there are still hurdles to overcome.

How much will I get from a $25,000 settlement?

From a $25,000 settlement, you'll likely get significantly less than the full amount, often around $8,000 to $12,000, after attorney fees (typically 33-40%), case costs (filing fees, records), and medical bills/liens are paid, with the exact amount depending on how much your lawyer charges and the total medical expenses you owe. 

What is the hardest thing to prove in court?

The hardest things to prove in court involve intent, causation (especially in medical cases where multiple factors exist), proving insanity, and overcoming the lack of physical evidence or uncooperative victims, often seen in sexual assault or domestic violence cases. Proving another person's mental state or linking a specific harm directly to negligence, rather than underlying conditions, requires strong expert testimony and overcoming common doubts. 

What is a reasonable settlement offer?

A reasonable settlement offer is one that fully covers all your economic losses (medical bills, lost wages, future costs) and compensates fairly for non-economic damages (pain, suffering, emotional distress), reflecting the unique strengths and weaknesses of your case, including potential liability and venue. It's generally much higher than an initial offer and requires understanding your full, long-term damages, ideally with legal and financial expert input, to avoid underestimating your true costs. 

Who pays court fees in a lawsuit?

In the US, the rules can change depending on where you are and what kind of lawsuit it is. While each side usually pays its own legal fees (known as the American Rule), sometimes the court can make the person who loses pay some or all of the winner's lawyer fees and related costs.

Is it better to have an attorney or a lawyer?

Neither is inherently "better"; they describe different qualifications, with an attorney being a specific type of lawyer who is licensed to represent clients in court, while a lawyer is a broader term for someone with a law degree who can offer general advice but not necessarily practice in court. For courtroom representation, you need an attorney; for basic legal guidance or document prep, a lawyer suffices. 

Is it worth it to sue someone?

Suing can be worth it for accountability, to recover significant damages (like medical bills, lost wages, property damage), or when dealing with unfair insurance companies, but it's often costly, time-consuming (months to years), and emotionally draining, with no guarantee of winning. The decision hinges on proving clear damages, the defendant's ability to pay (a "judgment-proof" individual yields nothing), and whether the potential recovery outweighs legal fees, stress, and delays, with settlement often being the best outcome.
 

What is the most expensive part of a lawsuit?

The most expensive parts of litigation are typically discovery (gathering evidence, depositions) and trial preparation/trial, often consuming up to 90% of total costs in complex cases, driven primarily by high attorney fees and the cost of expert witnesses. While attorney fees are the biggest single expense, the intensive, time-consuming nature of discovery and trial logistics make those phases incredibly costly, with trials themselves potentially costing tens of thousands weekly.
 

How often do cases settle?

According to data from the U.S. Department of Justice, approximately 95-96% of civil cases settle before trial. This means that only about 4-5% of civil lawsuits ultimately reach the trial phase.

How long does it typically take to get a settlement?

Settlement timelines vary greatly, from a few weeks to several months or even over a year, depending on the case complexity, but after reaching an agreement, expect 1 to 3 months for funds to reach you, factoring in paperwork, lien resolution (medical bills, etc.), and insurance processing, with property settlements typically taking about a month.