What is the latest Supreme Court Judgement on Section 65B Evidence Act?
Asked by: Aron Flatley | Last update: February 3, 2026Score: 4.4/5 (10 votes)
The latest significant Supreme Court rulings on Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act emphasize that the certificate is a procedural prerequisite for admitting electronic records, but this rule can be relaxed in the interest of justice, allowing production at later stages (even during trial) if the party seeking to use the evidence wasn't in possession of the original device, to prevent failure of justice, as seen in cases like Chandrabhan Sudam Sanap (Jan 2025) and earlier rulings like T. Naseer (2023). The Court also clarified that the requirement of the certificate is only when primary evidence (the original device/record) isn't produced, and courts have discretion under Section 311 CrPC to allow its late production for a just decision.
What is the new section 65B evidence?
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, any information contained in an electronic record which is printed on a paper, stored, recorded or copied in optical or magnetic media produced by a computer (hereinafter referred to as the computer output) shall be deemed to be also a document, if the conditions ...
What are the key provisions of the 65B Act?
The purpose of Section 65B is to enable “Any Contractually Capable person who knows how to view (or hear) an electronic document to present a copy (printed or on an electronic media) which can be admitted in the Court as also a “document” “without further proof or production of the original”.
What is the landmark Judgement on confession?
Voluntariness of Confession: A confession is deemed voluntary if it is made without any form of coercion, undue influence, or psychological pressure, ensuring its reliability as evidence. Section 533 of CrPC: Provides a remedy if procedures under sections 164 or 364 are not followed.
Can S 65B Evidence Act certificate be produced at any stage of trial?
The Supreme Court of India recently held that a certificate of Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act 1872 which pertains to digital evidence can be produced at any stage of trial.
Latest Supreme court judgment,dt.14.07.2020 | Without 65(B) Certificate | Indian Evidence Act |
Is a 65B certificate mandatory in court?
The Court made it clear that for any electronic record—such as emails, CCTV footage, or call records—to be admitted as evidence, a Section 65B certificate is a legal prerequisite, and it cannot be bypassed by simply producing an expert opinion.
What is the difference between 65A and 65B?
Section 65A delineates the Anti-Circumvention Law for effective TPMs while Section 65B protects the associated Rights Management Information. Several digital watermarking techniques are widely used for different kinds of protection to digital images, video, audio, databases, websites and e-books.
What is the latest Judgement of the Supreme court on extra judicial confession?
Case Summary. The Supreme Court acquitted a murder accused, emphasising that extra-judicial confession is a weak form of evidence and must be corroborated. The Court granted the accused the benefit of the doubt based on inconsistencies in witness statements.
Can a priest turn you in if you confess a crime?
First, it's important to note that the seal of confession forbids the priest from sharing such information with the authorities—or with anyone for that matter. The Code of Canon Law tells us that the seal is “inviolable” (can.
Is it better to admit or deny?
Only Admissions Are Admissible
In fact, denials to requests for admission are not admissible at trial as prior inconsistent statements to impeach a witness' testimony.
What is the purpose of a 65B certificate?
As described in the Indian Evidence Act, 65-B certificates are a mandatory paper document required by the law to be submitted along with new media objects such as CCTV footage, emails, Call Record Data (CDRs), audio recordings, and photographs among various other things, when they enter the court of law in the form of ...
What types of documents does 65 B cover?
Section 65B deals with the admissibility of the electronic record. The purpose of these provisions is to sanctify secondary evidence in electronic form, generated by a computer.
What are the challenges with electronic evidence?
What are the biggest challenges in handling digital evidence? Common challenges include the volume and diversity of data, transfer security, access management, and maintaining a chain of custody.
What is the hash value of electronic evidence?
A hash value is a numeric value of a fixed length that uniquely identifies data. That data can be as small as a single character to as large as a default size of 2 GB in a single file.
What is the status of tape recorder conversation under the law of evidence in India?
It is also comparable to a photograph of a relevant incident. The tape recorded conversation is, therefore, a relevant fact and is admissible under Section 7 of the Evidence Act. Tape-recorded evidence is admissible provided that the originality and the authenticity of the tape are free from doubt.
What is the evidence rule 401?
Rule 401. Definition of relevant evidence. Relevant evidence means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.
Is a pastor required to report a crime?
These range from teachers and social workers to firefighters and county public health employees to animal control agents and film processors. Clearly the list is wide-ranging and, at least for California, clergy are also on the list.
Can confession in church be used as evidence?
In United States law, confessional privilege is a rule of evidence that forbids the inquiry into the content or even existence of certain communications between clergy and church members. It grows out of the common law and statutory enactments which may vary between jurisdictions.
What are the three requirements of confession?
In sum, true sorrow for sin along with a desire to amend one's life, confession of number and kind (for all mortal sins – not necessary for venial), and the intention to perform the penance imposed by the priest are all required for valid matter.
What is the latest Judgement on 65B Evidence Act?
The Supreme Court on September 15, 2025 held that a compact disc is an electronic record and once the requirements under Section 65B of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 are satisfied, such video evidence becomes admissible like a document.
What is the landmark Judgement of Supreme Court in 2025?
In another landmark verdict delivered in May 2025, the three-judge bench of BR Gavai, CJI and AG Masih and K Vinod Chandran, JJ., in All India Judges Assn. v. Union of India, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1184, restored minimum three-year legal practice requirement for eligibility in civil judge exams.
What are the grounds for rejecting an extra-judicial confession?
Grounds for Rejecting an Extra-Judicial Confession
Extra-judicial confessions may be rejected or deemed inadmissible in court for several reasons, including: Coercion or Duress: If the confession was obtained through force, threats, or intimidation, it may be rejected.
How is 65B used in court cases?
Section 65B deals with the admissibility of electronic records as evidence in legal proceedings. It states that any electronic record presented in court must be accompanied by a certificate under Section 65B, which authenticates the record and verifies its integrity.
What are the requirements for 65B certification?
Where a statement in evidence is sought to be given by virtue of Section 65B, Section 65B(4) requires a certificate to be produced that inter alia identifies the electronic record containing the statement and describes the manner in which it is produced, and gives particulars of the device involved in the production of ...
What is the difference between plan 65A and 65B seal?
If the seal is damaged, level inside the 5 liters tank increases in a shorter time than when the seal operates correctly, activating level alarm. The system is equippped with an orifice (Plan 65A) or a normally closed valve (Plan 65B).