What is the Wayne tank principle?

Asked by: Garrett Dicki  |  Last update: February 11, 2026
Score: 4.2/5 (49 votes)

The Wayne Tank principle in insurance law states that if a loss has two concurrent, effective causes, and one is covered by the policy while the other is explicitly excluded, the exclusion prevails, and the insurer is not liable for the claim, even if the covered peril was also a major factor. This principle applies when causes are interdependent, meaning neither would have caused the loss alone, and it denies coverage by effectively subtracting the excluded cause from the covered one.

What is the Wayne tank theory?

The Wayne Tank¹ principle operates with the effect that insurers may avoid liability where there are multiple causes of damage and only one of these causes of damage falls within an exclusion clause under the policy.

What are the 4 principles of insurance?

Basic insurance concepts and principles include risk sharing, indemnity, insurable interest, and good faith and fair dealing. These ideas help define how insurance operates as a system of protection and trust.

What are the 5 principles of marine insurance?

6 Principles of Marine Insurance. The principles of marine insurance are essential for maintaining fairness and consistency in the delivery of insurance services. These guiding principles include utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, proximate cause, subrogation, and contribution.

What are the 7 principles of insurance?

What are the Principles of Insurance? The principles of insurance include seven key concepts: insurable interest, utmost good faith, proximate cause, indemnity, subrogation, contribution, and loss minimisation.

Breaking Ground: Workmanship exclusions in PI policies and the Wayne Tank Principle.

43 related questions found

What are the 5 C's of insurance?

That was how I best retained information, so I decided to take that approach for this article, which outlines the “5 Cs of Transformation in Insurance” which are: Communication, Customization, Connection, Cognition and Consensus.

What is the indemnity principle?

In the context of dispute resolution, a principle of law which provides that costs ordered to be paid as between parties to litigation are given as an indemnity to the person entitled to them. They are not imposed as a punishment on the party who pays them or given as a bonus to the party who receives them.

What is not covered in marine insurance?

General exclusions outline the marine losses that are deemed to be outside the scope of the marine insurance policy. The coverage may exclude the following losses: Losses from acts of terrorism, piracy, or civil unrest. This safeguards insurance providers from the high risk associated with such events.

What is the indemnity principle in insurance?

The Principle of Indemnity ensures that the insured receives financial compensation equal to the actual loss incurred, without gaining any profit. This principle prevents unjust enrichment and ensures insurance restores the insured to their original financial position before the loss.

What is IV in marine insurance?

Increased Value (IV) Insurance or Hull Interest Insurance is a property insurance that insures the full value, or mortgage value, of a vessel and/or the additional costs of replacing a vessel if it is a total loss.

What are the four pillars of insurance?

– who are built with four fundamental pillars: products, underwriting, technology, and distribution. These elements form the foundations upon which a micro insurance venture stands, determining its ability to reach individuals and provide them with timely protections.

What are the 6 C's of insurance?

“There are six Cs as to why companies form captives: cost, capacity, control, compliance, cover, and commercial,” said Patrick Ferguson, senior vice president, Marsh Captive Solutions.

Which principle of insurance is the most important?

Utmost good faith, or “uberrima fides” in Latin, is the primary principle of insurance. In fact, many would argue that utmost good faith is the most important insurance principle.

What are the 5 principles of insurance?

In the insurance world there are six basic principles that must be met, ie insurable interest, Utmost good faith, proximate cause, indemnity, subrogation and contribution. The right to insure arising out of a financial relationship, between the insured to the insured and legally recognized.

What does wet stand for in insurance?

Wet works in the context of CAR policies means any construction work that abuts a body of water, such as river, lake, sea or backwater. Examples of wet risks include wharves, piers, marinas, causeways, breakwaters, jetties, dry docks etc.

What are the 4 stages of insurance?

The four main stages in the life cycle of an insurance claim are Submission, Processing, Adjudication, and Payment/Denial, starting with the insured filing the claim and ending with the insurer deciding to pay or deny it, with potential appeals if necessary.
 

What is not covered by indemnity insurance?

Indemnity insurance generally excludes intentional acts (fraud, criminal behavior), bodily injury/property damage (covered by general liability), employee claims (workers' comp), regulatory fines, pollution, and pre-existing conditions (especially fixed indemnity health plans). It also typically won't cover assumed liabilities, contractual penalties, or issues arising from prior knowledge or non-compliance with laws, always requiring a policy review for specifics. 

What is the principle of utmost good faith?

The principle of utmost good faith is a foundational rule in insurance contracts and business law. It says that both insurer and insured must honestly disclose all important facts before agreeing to a policy. This concept is crucial for school exams, competitive tests, and understanding real-world insurance claims.

Who benefits from the principle of indemnity?

The principle of indemnity is a fundamental concept in insurance. It ensures that the insured is “made whole” after a loss but does not profit from an insurance claim. In simple terms, you're paid for what you lost, not more than that. This concept protects both the policyholder and the insurance company.

What is the 72 hour clause in marine insurance?

The 72 hours clause states that for storms including gale, hurricane, cyclone, tornado, or tempest, all losses within a 72 hour period will be considered one loss for the purpose of liability limits and deductibles. The insured can choose when the 72 hour period begins.

What are the three types of marine insurance?

Types of Marine Insurance Policy

  • Floating Policy – Also known as an open policy, or a blanket policy. ...
  • Voyage Policy – A Marine Insurance policy designed to cover a single shipment or consignment.
  • Time Policy – A Marine Insurance policy that is issued for a fixed period of time, usually a year.

What is the difference between ITC A and ITC B?

Inland transit by Rail/Road/Air/inland waterway - Cover for Inland transit by Rail/Road/Air/inland waterway is subject to a set of Inland Transit Clause (ITC) Cover under ITC (A) is wider (all risk cover) whereas cover under ITC (B) is restricted (named peril cover).

What is an example of the principle of indemnity?

Suppose a shopkeeper insures his store's inventory for ₹8 lakh. Due to a fire, goods worth ₹2 lakh are damaged. Applying the principle of indemnity, the insurance company pays only ₹2 lakh—the actual loss—regardless of the total sum insured.

What are the three types of indemnity?

There are three basic types of indemnities. From an insurance perspective, the indemnities are broken down into limited form, intermediate form, and broad form.

What are the 8 valid indemnity claims reasons?

Reason codes and proof required to challenge and indemnity claim

  • 1) Reason Code 1 : Details Differ from the Advance Notice. ...
  • 2) Reason Code 2: No Advance Notice was received. ...
  • 3) Code 3: Bank Cancels The Direct Debit. ...
  • 4) Code 4: Payer has Cancelled DDI Direct With Service User. ...
  • 5) Code 5: Payer Disputed Having Given Authority.