What shows up on a government background check?

Asked by: Ms. Ila Hahn I  |  Last update: February 6, 2026
Score: 4.1/5 (26 votes)

A government background check involves a deep dive into your history, verifying personal details, employment, education, and finances, while thoroughly searching federal, state, and local records for criminal history, drug use, and other potential red flags to assess trustworthiness for federal roles or security clearances. It can include interviews with references, credit reports, FBI checks, and detailed questionnaires, scrutinizing areas like loyalty, finances, substance use, and personal conduct over several years.

What does a government background check show?

The appointment of any civilian employee to a position in the Federal Government is subject to a background investigation. Examples of factors investigated with a background evaluation are an applicant's employment history, past illegal drug use, and previous records criminal.

What makes you fail a federal background check?

Federal employment background checks disqualify candidates for issues like serious criminal history (especially felonies, treason, espionage), dishonesty (lying on applications), financial irresponsibility (major debt, loan defaults, tax issues), recent illegal drug use, and sometimes concerning foreign contacts or mental health conditions that affect job performance, with specific bans for severe offenses like domestic violence (affecting firearm possession) or terrorism. Disqualification depends on the job's sensitivity, with some crimes leading to permanent bans, while others are reviewed case-by-case.
 

How thorough is a government background check?

The minimum investigation required for a Low-Risk position is the National Agency Check with Inquiries (NACI), which entails a National Agency Check, law enforcement check, records search, credit check, and written inquiries of pervious/current employers, education, residence, and references.

What is the hardest background check to pass?

The hardest background checks are typically US government security clearances (especially Top Secret/SCI) and those for high-level law enforcement, involving deep dives into criminal, financial (credit), employment, and personal history (interviews with associates) via extensive forms like the SF-86, far exceeding standard employment screening. These checks scrutinize all life aspects for integrity, reliability, and potential security risks, often requiring disclosure of past drug use, financial issues, and undisclosed criminal records, making them incredibly difficult to pass if issues exist. 

What Does an Employment Background Check Include?

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What will disqualify you on a background check?

Disqualifying offenses in background checks typically involve serious crimes like violent offenses (murder, assault, kidnapping), sexual offenses (child molestation, sexual assault), major drug felonies (trafficking, manufacturing), and financial crimes (fraud, money laundering), especially for roles involving vulnerable populations or federal security, but can also include poor credit, drug use, domestic violence, and inconsistent application info, depending on the job and state laws. Federal and state laws mandate disqualifications for specific offenses, while employers often have their own criteria, considering the nature, recency, and relevance of the offense to the job. 

What looks bad on a background check?

Things that look bad on a background check include criminal records (especially job-related offenses), significant inconsistencies on resumes (like falsified degrees or job titles), frequent job hopping, unexplained employment gaps, poor credit (for financial roles), negative social media activity (hate speech, unprofessionalism), and failed drug/driving tests, all suggesting dishonesty, instability, or risk to the employer. 

How far back does a government background check go?

Code 1786.18(a)(7), California mandates that a conviction can't be reported when it's older than seven years. Arrests that didn't lead to convictions can't be reported regardless of how much time has elapsed. However, pending criminal cases can be reported.

What are red flags on a background check?

Red flags on a background check are inconsistencies or negative findings like criminal history (especially violent or financial crimes), employment/education discrepancies (lying about degrees or dates), poor credit, failed drug tests, or unprofessional social media that raise concerns about a candidate's integrity, judgment, or suitability for a role. Major red flags include criminal records, dishonesty, financial irresponsibility (for financial roles), and substance abuse issues.
 

What will disqualify you from federal employment?

Federal employment disqualifiers often involve dishonesty on applications, serious criminal history (especially recent felonies, DUIs, or drug offenses), significant financial mismanagement, or current illegal drug use, but decisions are made case-by-case using the "whole person concept," weighing negative factors against mitigating circumstances like rehabilitation or honesty. Specific roles have stricter rules, but common red flags include falsifying documents, recent major crimes (like fraud, kidnapping, assault), severe financial distress (delinquent taxes, loans), and ongoing substance abuse. 

When to worry about a background check?

Multiple issues can cause you to fail a background check, including relevant criminal convictions, misrepresentations made on your resume or during your interview, a failed drug test, poor credit record, poor driving history, bad references, and unexplained employment gaps.

What are the requirements to pass a federal background check?

Regardless of the type of background check, you will at least need to answer questions about where you've lived, worked, went to school, and any military history or police records. You'll also need to have your fingerprints taken if you've never worked for the Federal Government.

Is there any reason I wouldn't pass a background check?

Reasons why a candidate could “fail” a background check

There are many reasons why a candidate may “fail” a background check, such as criminal history, discrepancies in employment or education history information, an unsafe driving record, or a failed drug test.

What's the difference between a background check and a federal background check?

The Key Differences Between Federal Background Checks and County or State Searches. The most important difference between federal criminal background checks and county or state searches is the scope of the search. Federal background checks are limited to federal crimes and courts.

What will fail a federal background check?

Federal employment background checks disqualify candidates for issues like serious criminal history (especially felonies, treason, espionage), dishonesty (lying on applications), financial irresponsibility (major debt, loan defaults, tax issues), recent illegal drug use, and sometimes concerning foreign contacts or mental health conditions that affect job performance, with specific bans for severe offenses like domestic violence (affecting firearm possession) or terrorism. Disqualification depends on the job's sensitivity, with some crimes leading to permanent bans, while others are reviewed case-by-case.
 

How long does a US government background check take?

A federal background check can take from a few days to several weeks. So why so long? Federal background checks involve accessing multiple databases, verifying education and employment, and sometimes even contacting past employers or institutions. These things can take time.

What would disqualify you on a background check?

Disqualifying offenses in background checks typically involve serious crimes like violent offenses (murder, assault, kidnapping), sexual offenses (child molestation, sexual assault), major drug felonies (trafficking, manufacturing), and financial crimes (fraud, money laundering), especially for roles involving vulnerable populations or federal security, but can also include poor credit, drug use, domestic violence, and inconsistent application info, depending on the job and state laws. Federal and state laws mandate disqualifications for specific offenses, while employers often have their own criteria, considering the nature, recency, and relevance of the offense to the job. 

What are the reasons you can fail a background check?

You fail a background check due to red flags like criminal history, lying on your application (education, job history), a failed drug test, a poor driving record, or issues like bad credit for finance roles, all of which signal a potential mismatch with the job's requirements or company standards. Other common reasons include unverifiable credentials, negative references, or even inconsistent personal identification details. 

What is the 3 month rule in a job?

The "3-month rule" in a job refers to the common probationary period where both employer and employee assess fit, acting as a trial to see if the role and person align before full commitment, often involving learning goals (like a 30-60-90 day plan) and performance reviews, allowing either party to end employment more easily, notes Talent Management Institute (TMI), Frontline Source Group, Indeed.com, and Talent Management Institute (TMI). It's a crucial time for onboarding, understanding expectations, and demonstrating capability, setting the foundation for future growth, says Talent Management Institute (TMI), inTulsa Talent, and Talent Management Institute (TMI). 

What disqualifies you from clearance?

What can disqualify you?

  • You are not a U.S. citizen.
  • You were dishonorably discharged from the military.
  • You are currently involved in illegal drug use.
  • You have been judged as mentally incompetent or mentally incapacitated by a mental health professional.
  • You have had a clearance revoked for security reasons.

Can a job be rescinded due to background check?

Establish and document the reason for revoking a job offer, which must be valid, lawful, and non-discriminatory. The most common reasons for rescission include: Failed drug screening or credit check. Failed background check.

What info shows on a background check?

A background check reveals a person's history, typically including identity verification, criminal records (felonies, misdemeanors, pending cases), employment history, education verification, and sometimes credit reports, driving records, or drug test results, depending on the role's requirements and regulations. It helps employers confirm qualifications, uncover red flags, and ensure suitability for a position, though the depth varies greatly by industry (e.g., finance vs. retail). 

What could ruin a background check?

You fail a background check due to red flags like criminal history, lying on your application (education, job history), a failed drug test, a poor driving record, or issues like bad credit for finance roles, all of which signal a potential mismatch with the job's requirements or company standards. Other common reasons include unverifiable credentials, negative references, or even inconsistent personal identification details. 

When should I be worried about a background check?

So, if you are worried about passing a background check, it's best to look into how long it has been since your last conviction. If it has been more than seven years, you have no worries about any job you may seek.

How do I know if I pass a background check?

You know you've passed a background check when you receive a formal job offer, get invited to onboarding/orientation, or are asked to complete new hire paperwork (like tax forms), as these usually signal the employer is proceeding because your check is clear. While some employers confirm directly, others don't, so look for these positive next steps or politely follow up with HR if you haven't heard anything after a reasonable time.