Which constitutional Amendment added Article 39?
Asked by: Dr. Terry Prosacco | Last update: June 27, 2026Score: 4.6/5 (38 votes)
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added Article 39A (Equal justice and free legal aid) and amended Article 39(f) to include provisions for healthy childhood development. As part of the Directives Principles of State Policy, this amendment was enacted during the Emergency by the Indira Gandhi government, marking significant changes to the constitution.
When was article 39 added?
The correct answer is the 42nd Amendment Act, of 1976. The correct answer is option 1, i.e., the 42nd Amendment Act, of 1976 added four new subjects (Article 39, 39A, 43A, 48A) in the Directive Principles of State Policy.
What are the 38 39th and 42nd amendment?
The 38th Amendment barred the courts from questioning the President's decision to declare Emergency. The 39th Amendment excluded the election of the Prime Minister and Speaker of the Lok Sabha from judicial scrutiny. The 42nd Amendment further increased central powers.
What is the Article 39A amendment?
“39-A. The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen.”
What is the Article 39th amendment?
The 39th Amendment of the Constitution of India, enacted on 10 August 1975, placed the election of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha beyond the scrutiny of the Indian courts.
Article 39 & 39A Explained | Social & Economic Justice | Free Legal Aid | Indian Constitution Series
Why is Article 39 important?
Article 39 of the UNCRC says children and young people have the right to recover from difficult things that happen to them, and that they can expect to receive the help that allows them to do so. This includes help for survivors of: violence.
Does the US Constitution contain 39 articles in its Bill of Rights?
Beginning with the words “We the People,” the U.S. Constitution is composed of the Preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments. The first 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.
Why did the 42nd amendment remain controversial?
The 42nd Amendment is regarded as the most controversial constitutional amendment in history. It attempted to reduce the power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to pronounce upon the constitutional validity of laws. It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation.
When was the 42 Constitutional Amendment amended?
42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution. It was enacted by the Indian National Congress headed by Indira Gandhi then.
Who opposed the 39th amendment?
While the case was being considered, the 39th Amendment to the Constitution of India was passed, stripping Supreme Court of its authority over the case. Its validity was challenged in cross-objections raised by Raj Narain in the second appeal, Civil Appeal No. 909 of 1975.
What does 39a article mean?
A meeting in a court-martial led by the military judge to address issues that do not pertain to the defendant's guilt or innocence, similar to sidebar conferences in a civilian court How to use "Article 39a session" in a sentence.
Which Amendment added 39f?
Four new DPSPs (Directive Principles of State Policy) were added by the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act to the existing list of DPSPs: To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39 F). To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
What is the 59th Amendment?
The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988, passed in India, amended Article 356 to extend the maximum duration of President's Rule in Punjab to three years and allowed for the declaration of Emergency based on "internal disturbance". It facilitated stricter security measures in Punjab, enabling suspension of the right to life under Article 21.
What is article 39 C about?
Article 39(c) emphasizes economic equity with a goal of aiming to prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a manner detrimental to the common good, thereby promoting social justice.
What is article 39:1?
The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing-- (a)that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood; (b)that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to sub serve the common good; (c)that the operation ...
What is Section 39 2 of the Constitution?
Section 39(2) holds that 'when developing the common law ... every court ... must promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights'. Dworkin's notion of political integrity, most fully developed in his Law's Empire, can be summarised in four points.
What rights does Article 39 guarantee?
Article 39. No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.
What is section 39 of the 1999 Constitution?
Section 39 of the constitution which guarantees the right to freedom of expression provides as follows: Every person shall be entitled to freedom of expression, including freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impact ideas and information without interference.
What is Article 39 of the Magna Carta?
Of enduring importance to people appealing to the charter over the last 800 years are the famous clauses 39 and 40: “No free man shall be seized, imprisoned, dispossessed, outlawed, exiled or ruined in any way, nor in any way proceeded against, except by the lawful judgement of his peers and the law of the land.
Who can declare a president incompetent?
Under Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Vice President and a majority of the Cabinet (or a body designated by Congress) can declare the President unable to perform their duties. This initiates a temporary transfer of power, which Congress can finalize by a two-thirds vote if the President contests it.
What is the most misspelled word in the U.S. Constitution?
"Pennsylvania" is often cited as the most famous misspelling in the U.S. Constitution. It is spelled with a single 'n' ("Pensylvania") above the signers' names, which was a common, alternative spelling in 1787, rather than a modern typo. Other non-standard spellings include "chuse" (choose) and "defence".
Is the 7th Amendment still $20 dollars?
Yes, the text of the Seventh Amendment still formally reads "$20" as the threshold for a jury trial in federal civil cases, a value set in 1791. While this amount is not indexed for inflation—making it worth roughly $700+ in modern purchasing power—the $20 threshold itself has never been formally increased.
What is the most misunderstood amendment?
Abstract: The Eleventh Amendment might be the most misunderstood amendment to the Constitution.