Who is most at risk from ADRs?

Asked by: Thea Zieme  |  Last update: August 3, 2023
Score: 4.1/5 (26 votes)

Increase in elderly population - elderly people are four times as likely to have an ADR. Increase in polypharmacy - the more medicines a patient is on the more likelihood there is for potential ADRs or drug interactions.

Which patients are more likely to develop ADRs?

Elderly patients are at high risk for ADRs due to decreased renal function, altered drug metabolism in the body, and multiple comorbidities. However, recent studies have shown that an increasing number of drugs taken or comorbidities are the major factors for ADRs, rather than advanced age itself [8,9].

Why are the elderly at risk of ADRs?

Decreased Ability of the Liver to Process Drugs: Because the liver does not work as well in older adults, they are less able than younger people to process certain drugs so that they can be excreted from the body.

Is the risk of ADRs lower in the elderly?

Older patients are particularly vulnerable to ADRs because of age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, such as reduced hepatic and renal function, prolonged elimination half-life, and increased sensitivity to drugs [5, 6], which have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of ADRs.

Which 3 organs are most affected by ADRs?

Hypokalemia was the most common ADR (10.7%), followed by constipation, diarrhea, hypotension, and rash (9.2% each). The gastrointestinal (GIT) system was found to be the most affected (41.5%), followed by the metabolic (18.6%), cardiovascular (13.8%), and dermatological (13.8%) systems.

What are the types of ADRs? | Adverse Drug Reactions | Pharmacology Animation

24 related questions found

Is heart affected by ADRs?

DDI-related ADRs affected mainly cardiac function (heart rate or rhythm, 41.07%); bleeding and effect on blood pressure were equally distributed (17.86%).

Can the liver be affected by ADRs?

Patients with liver dysfunction have a significant risk of preventable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to a lack of specific dosing instructions related to appropriate adjustments combined with the volume of research required to understand dosing strategies.

What organs are affected by ADRs?

Gastrointestinal tract (37%), central nervous system (30.2%), and skin (24.7%) were the most affected organ/systems, while upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypoglycaemia were the most observed ADRs. ADRs led to deaths in 7 (10.4%) patients, with an overall case fatality rate of 0.5%.

What is the risk associated with ADR?

ADR risk factors and expenses

Political risk—the risk that politics or regime changes in the issuing company's country will undermine exchange rates or destabilize the company and its earnings. Inflation risk—the risk that inflation in the issuing company's country will erode the value of that currency.

In which age the incidence of ADR is highest?

The overall incidence of ADRs in the patient population was 3.1%, and gender was not found to be a risk factor. The highest ADR rate (75.8%) was found in the adult age group 15 to 50 years, and the lowest ADR rate was found in children aged 3 to 13 years (7.4%).

What are the common ADRs in geriatrics?

Common examples are oversedation, confusion, hallucinations, falls, and bleeding. Among ambulatory people ≥ 65, adverse drug effects occur at a rate of about 50 events per 1000 person-years.

What are the most common ADRs?

In human medicine the most common symptoms of ADRs (e.g. nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, pruritus, drowsiness, headache) are also reported in 80% of healthy patients on no medication.

How common are adverse drug reactions in elderly?

The mean prevalence of ADRs in the elderly in the studies included in this review was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1%–16.8%).

Which of the following is predictable cause of most of ADRs?

Etiology of Adverse Drug Reactions

Most adverse drug reactions are dose-related; others are allergic or idiosyncratic. Dose-related ADRs are usually predictable; ADRs unrelated to dose are usually unpredictable.

When are ADRs used?

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) refers to the different ways people can resolve disputes without a trial. Common ADR processes include mediation, arbitration, and neutral evaluation. These processes are generally confidential, less formal, and less stressful than traditional court proceedings.

What is the prevalence of ADRs?

Systematic reviews that involved hospitalized older patients across the globe reported ADR prevalences of 11.5–24%. A study conducted in the US and another from Ethiopia as well as a systematic review that included many studies across the world showed that about 10% of hospital admissions worldwide are related to ADRs.

How can you reduce the risk of ADRs?

Outline
  1. Avoid and be vigilant of high-risk drugs.
  2. Discontinue unnecessary drugs.
  3. Consider drugs as a cause of any new symptom.
  4. Avoid treating side effects with another drug.
  5. Avoid drug-drug interactions.
  6. Adjust dosing based on age and creatinine clearance.
  7. Address non-adherence.

What is one of the major disadvantages of ADR?

Disadvantages of ADR

ADR decisions are final. This means you cannot file appeals, and, in most cases, mediators will not offer overrules or exceptions in decisions. If you decide to go the litigation route or go to trial, you will be able to appeal the decision should you get one that is not in your favor.

What are examples of serious ADR?

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) include Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis.

Is brain affected by ADRs?

Common adverse drug reactions

), the brain is commonly affected, often resulting in drowsiness and confusion.

Is the lungs affected by ADRs?

Dyspnea (ADR #17) is a symptom referring to shortness of breath, breathlessness, inability to take a deep breath, suffocating, air hunger, or pain on breathing.

What are examples of adverse effects?

Side effects, also known as adverse reactions, are unwanted undesirable effects that are possibly related to a drug. Side effects can vary from minor problems like a runny nose to life-threatening events, such as a heart attack or liver damage.

What is ADRs in medical terms?

Adverse drug reaction (ADR, or adverse drug effect) is a broad term referring to unwanted, uncomfortable, or dangerous effects that drugs (including medications ) may have. Adverse drug reactions can be considered a form of toxicity; however, toxicity is most commonly applied to effects of overingestion.

What are ADRs in hypertension?

Adverse Drug Reactions associated with drugs are common and impose a serious health related problem, which can limit the treatment options, compliance and even leads to discontinuation of therapy. Hypertension is a chronic disease condition which is considered to be one of the major cardiovascular risk factor.

Which drug is most likely to result in toxicity in the elderly?

Important examples of drugs with a higher risk of toxic effects because of age-related reductions in first-pass metabolism include nitrates, propranolol, phenobarbital, and nifedipine.