What is a bench decision?

Asked by: Callie Nienow MD  |  Last update: July 18, 2025
Score: 4.4/5 (47 votes)

Definition: A bench ruling is when a judge gives a decision or ruling verbally while sitting on the bench in the courtroom. This means that the judge does not write down the decision, but instead speaks it out loud for everyone in the courtroom to hear.

Why would someone choose a bench trial?

A bench trial can typically proceed more quickly than a jury trial because in a bench trial: The court may allow more flexibility on the start and end times each day with minimal breaks.

What is the difference between a bench and a jury?

In a bench trial, the judge is the fact-finder and there is no jury. The judge hears the evidence, considers the law, and makes a decision on whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. In a jury trial, a panel of your peers (community members) decide the case.

Do you get sentenced at a bench trial?

Do You Get Sentenced at a Bench Trial? Yes, if the judge finds the defendant guilty, they can pass a sentence or make orders. Bench trials allow judges to be “the professional trier of fact” and the decision-maker for the case.

What are the cons of a bench trial?

What are the Disadvantages of a Bench Trial in California
  • Only the judge decides as opposed to a 12-member jury. Thus, your fate rests in one set of hands versus 12 sets of hands. ...
  • The judge is familiar with all the evidence. A judge may be able to be unbiased, but that only goes so far.

Are there two types of bench decisions?

22 related questions found

What are the risks of bench?

While bench press can be effective for building muscle and increasing strength, it also poses certain risks, such as shoulder injuries, muscle imbalances, and strain on the lower back. It is crucial to use proper form, adequate warm-up, and appropriate weight in order to minimise these risks.

What is the success rate of a bench trial?

Bench trials (57%) had a higher percentage of business litigants than jury trials (39%) and were likely to be decided in less time than jury trials. Judges were more likely than juries to find for plaintiffs. Plaintiffs won in 66% of bench trials, compared to about 53% of jury trials.

How long does a bench trial last?

A jury trial also takes much more time to present because it takes longer–a one day jury trial will take all day, while a bench trial will take 1-3 hours total. While we recommend a jury trial in most cases, a bench trial is the better choice when: The defendant wants the case resolved quickly.

What happens to 90% of cases?

According to the Department of Justice's Bureau of Justice Assistance, " The overwhelming majority (90 to 95 percent) of cases result in plea bargaining. "

Do you need a lawyer for a bench trial?

If you, or someone you love, has been charged with a crime, and it is determined that a bench trial is to be conducted, it can be important to understand the process. It's also recommended you hire an experienced criminal defense attorney who can represent your case well and help you to understand the proceedings.

Who makes the final decision in a bench trial?

A bench trial is a trial where the judge is the sole fact-finder; that is, the judge alone makes a decision on the merits of your case after both sides have presented evidence.

Who is more powerful, a judge or a jury?

Ultimately, it's up to the judge to rule on these issues of law, and decide which evidence can be considered. Therefore, the jurors should only make their decision based on what is seen and heard in the courtroom, and nothing else. Courts have other standard rules, to make sure the entire process is fair and impartial.

How to win a bench trial?

Know and understand your audience, including the judge and any law clerks involved, by conducting research on their background, recent cases, and experiences of other lawyers. Be prepared to be flexible during a bench trial, as judges may have different approaches and leniency with rules of evidence.

Who determines the outcome in a bench trial?

In a bench trial, the judge serves as the sole decision-maker, evaluating the evidence, interpreting the law, and delivering a verdict. In contrast, a jury trial involves a group of citizens, selected through a vetting process, who collectively decide the outcome based on the facts presented during the trial.

Who is present at a bench trial?

Bench trial refers to the type of trial that does not involve a jury but is conducted by the judge alone, in which the judge both decides the facts of the case and applies the law .

Can a judge overrule a jury?

A judge will issue a JNOV if he or she determines that no reasonable jury could have reached the jury's verdict based on the evidence presented at trial, or if the jury incorrectly applied the law in reaching its verdict.

Why do most criminal cases never go to trial?

But most cases end pursuant to a plea bargain. Plea deals often make sense for both sides. The government doesn't have the resources to try every case. Plus, it sometimes doesn't want to run the risk of acquittal.

How often do judges accept plea deals?

It is often said and widely accepted that ninety percent (90%) of criminal cases never make it to trial, due to plea bargaining. A plea bargain is an agreement between a defendant and the prosecutor for a lighter punishment in exchange for something else: usually a guilty plea, cooperation, or assistance of some kind.

What happens if I lose at trial?

If you lose your case, you can appeal to have a higher court review the jury trial. The appeals process is not a chance at a new trial. There are limited reasons you can file an appeal. An appeal is usually limited to errors of law.

Is a bench trial good or bad?

Generally, it is better to have a bench trial when legal issues are involved in the case that can determine its outcome. Judges may be more open to hearing legal arguments about case law and similar findings in the same jurisdiction.

Why would a defendant choose a bench trial?

When defendant wants to keep a jury away from rendering a ruling on the guilt or innocence of him (or her), a bench trial is the alternative.

Can a judge leave the bench?

At some point, and for a variety of reasons, every judge will transition off the bench. In this issue, authors reflect and share their personal experiences of what leaving the bench has meant for them.

What to expect at a bench trial?

Bench Trials

With a bench trial, all of the witnesses, evidence, and arguments are put forth directly to the judge. Compared to juries, a judge at a bench trial is often assumed to be more2: Equipped to observe gruesome or violent facts without emotional upset.

What percentage of cases settle before trial?

Kiser, principal analyst at DecisionSet, states, “The vast majority of cases do settle — from 80 to 92 percent by some estimates.” Other sources even claim that this number is closer to 97 percent. However, not all cases are created equally.

What are the risks of going to trial?

Risks of Going to Trial:

There is no certainty of a successful verdict when a case goes to trial. (If you do not win the case at trial, you may appeal.) Trials can drag on for extended lengths of time, sometime months. Trials are public and a matter of public record (your affairs are not kept private).