What is section 31 of the constitution?
Asked by: Scarlett Beer | Last update: May 7, 2026Score: 4.4/5 (47 votes)
"Section 31" refers to different constitutional or legal provisions depending on the jurisdiction, most notably Article I, Section 31 of the California Constitution, which bans state discrimination and preferential treatment based on race, sex, etc., in public spheres, and Article 31 of the UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice) in the U.S., protecting against compelled self-incrimination for service members. Other examples include tax rules in South Africa (SARS), Massachusetts laws, and even fictional Star Trek lore for "Section 31".
What is Article 31 of the Philippine Constitution?
Section 30. No law shall be passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as provided in this Constitution without its advice and concurrence. Section 31. No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.
What is Article 1 Section 31?
31. (a) The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatmelll to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.
What is the Article 31 B?
Article 31B represents a novel, innovative and drastic technique of constitutional amendment. Legislative enactments are incorporated into the Constitution and immunized against all attacks on the ground of breach of any of the fundamental rights.
What is Article 2 Section 31 of the Arizona Constitution?
No law shall be enacted in this state limiting the amount of damages to be recovered for causing the death or injury of any person, except that a crime victim is not subject to a claim for damages by a person who is harmed while the person is attempting to engage in, engaging in or fleeing after having engaged in or ...
Right to Property | Article 31, 31A, 31B, 31C & Article 300A | Indian Polity for UPSC
What is the meaning of article 31?
Article 31(1) of the Constitution had made it clear that private property could not be taken by the Government through an executive order but only through the authority of law.
What is the 31st Constitutional Amendment Act?
31st amendment of the Constitution of India increased the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545 members. The 31st Constitutional Amendment Act: In 1973 the seats of Lok Sabha were increased from 525 to 545. The purpose of this act was to increase the representation of states in the Lok Sabha.
What does Article 31b actually say?
Article 31(b) states that “no person subject to this chapter may interrogate, or request any statement from, an accused or a person suspected of an offense without first informing him of the nature of the accusation and advising him that he does not have to make any statement regarding the offense of which he is ...
What is Article 31 of the Constitution of the PRC?
Article 31 The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary. The systems instituted in special administrative regions shall, in light of specific circumstances, be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's Congress.
What are the key points of article 31?
Article 31(a) – Compulsory Self-Incrimination Prohibited: This section prohibits forcing individuals to incriminate themselves. Military authorities cannot compel a service member to answer questions. They also cannot be forced to provide information that might be used against them in a criminal proceeding.
What is Article 31 of the 1992 Constitution?
Article 31(1) of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana provides that the President of Ghana may, acting in accordance with the advice of the Council of State, by Proclamation published in the Gazette declare that a state of emergency exists in Ghana or in any part of it for the purposes of the provisions of the Constitution.
Is God mentioned in the US Constitution?
No, the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly mention God, Jesus, or Christianity; its focus is secular, establishing government structure and guaranteeing religious freedom, though it uses the phrase "Year of our Lord" for dating the document and mentions "religion" in the First Amendment regarding no establishment of religion. The document instead separates church and state, ensuring no religious test for office and prohibiting a government-established religion, reflecting the founders' aim for religious liberty.
What is Article 31 of the UN Convention on the Rights?
Article 31 of the UNCRC says that children and young people have the right to have fun in the way they want to, whether by playing sports, watching films, or doing something else entirely. They have the right to rest, too.
Is a preamble legally binding?
A preamble is not legally enforceable, but it is an important aid in gaining an understanding of why an agency is acting or refusing to act.
What are the constitutional rights of the Philippines?
a right to due process and equal protection of law. a right against searches and seizures without a warrant issued by a judge. a right to privacy. The right to freedom of speech and expression, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and the right to petition.
What is the full text of Article 31?
31. (a) The State shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting.
What is 31a and 31b?
Article 31-A and 31-B were added to the Constitution using the 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951. These Articles were added with view to give boost to Agrarian Reforms. When the constitution was enacted in 1950, several Land Reform laws were struck down by the Supreme Court and High Courts' on…
What exactly does the third Amendment say?
The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prevents the government from forcing citizens to house soldiers in their homes without consent, prohibiting this in peacetime and allowing it only by law during wartime, reflecting colonial grievances against British quartering acts and protecting property and privacy rights.
Are there 27 or 33 amendments?
There are 27 ratified amendments to the U.S. Constitution, making them part of the law, but Congress has proposed 33 amendments in total, with six failing to be ratified by the required states, explaining the confusion between the two numbers. The first ten are the Bill of Rights, and the last one, the 27th, deals with Congressional pay raises.
What is the purpose of delimitation?
Delimitation literally means the act or process of fixing limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies in a country or a province having a legislative body. The job of delimitation is assigned to a high power body. Such a body is known as Delimitation Commission or a Boundary Commission.
What is the amendment of 1987?
Since the Amending Act, 1987, has provided tax concessions to Mutual Funds set up by a public sector bank or a public financial institution by exempting their income under a new clause (23D) inserted in section 10, it is but natural that no tax should be deducted at source from sums payable to such Funds.
What are the 4 types of victims?
There are several ways to categorize victims, but two common frameworks are by degree of responsibility, such as the Completely Innocent, Minor Guilt, Equal Guilt, and More Guilty Than Offender types, and by relationship to the crime, including Primary (direct), Secondary (indirect family/friends), and Tertiary (community/society). Another set of classifications comes from criminologist Hans von Hentig, who identified types like the Dull Normal, Depressed, Greedy (Acquisitive), and Lonesome victims, focusing on psychological or situational vulnerabilities.
What is the hardest case to win in court?
The hardest cases to win in court often involve high emotional stakes, complex evidence, or specific defenses like insanity, with sexual assault, crimes against children, and white-collar crimes frequently cited as challenging due to juror bias, weak physical evidence, or technical complexity. The insanity defense is notoriously difficult because it shifts the burden of proof and faces public skepticism.
Can you get money from someone who assaulted you?
If you report the crime and cooperate with law enforcement, you may qualify for financial compensation to help cover medical bills, counseling, lost wages, and other crime-related expenses.