Who is called the mini constitution?
Asked by: Phyllis Connelly | Last update: February 6, 2026Score: 4.5/5 (32 votes)
The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India (1976) is called the "Mini Constitution" because it made extensive, widespread changes to the Indian Constitution, adding new articles, altering the Preamble (adding "Socialist," "Secular," "Integrity"), introducing Fundamental Duties, and significantly shifting powers between the Parliament and the Judiciary, all during the Emergency period under Indira Gandhi's government.
Who called the mini Constitution?
42nd Amendment Act, 1976 is one of the most important amendments to the Indian Constitution. It was enacted by the Indian National Congress headed by Indira Gandhi then. Due to the large number of amendments this act has brought to the Indian Constitution, it is also known as 'Mini-Constitution.
Who is known as the mini Constitution?
The 42nd Amendment of 1976 is referred to as 'mini - constitution' as it brought most widespread changes to the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment was enacted during the Emergency (25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977) by Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi.
Why is 42nd CAA called mini Constitution?
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 is often referred to as a “mini-Constitution” due to the extensive changes it brought to the Indian Constitution. It was a turning point in the constitutional history of India, marking a shift towards a more centralized form of governance.
Who has the smallest Constitution?
Monaco has the shortest written constitution with just 3,814 words.
Forty Fourth Constitutional Amendment Act 1978 explained, Indian Polity for UPSC, UP PCS, RPSC J
Which is the no. 1 constitution in the world?
The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world.
What is the oldest constitution on Earth?
The oldest written document still governing a sovereign nation today is that of San Marino. The Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini was written in Latin and consists of six books. The first book, with 62 articles, establishes councils, courts, various executive officers, and the powers assigned to them.
Why is part 7 removed?
Ans. Part 7 dealt with Part-B states. After the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956, Part-B states were merged with others, making this part redundant, so it was repealed.
What is the difference between the 42 and 44 Amendment?
The 42nd Amendment significantly expanded executive powers and restricted civil liberties, while the 44th Amendment aimed to restore democratic principles, limit executive authority, and safeguard Fundamental Rights.
What is the 52nd Amendment?
The Anti-Defection law, or the 52nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution is a constitutional amendment limiting the ability of politicians to switch parties in parliament.
Who is known as the father of the constitutional?
James Madison, America's fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the “Father of the Constitution.”
Does the 14th Amendment apply to corporations?
Summary. Approximately 2 million corporations are incorporated annually in the United States. One of the strangest twists in American constitutional law was the moment that corporations gained personhood under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is the Article 39 F Amendment?
-In article 39 of the Constitution, for clause (f), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:- "(f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and ...
What do you mean by mini Constitution?
Owing to its size, it is nicknamed the Mini-Constitution. Many parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble and constitution amending clause itself, were changed by the 42nd Amendment, and some new articles and sections were inserted.
How does it guarantee citizen's Rights?
These rights are guaranteed and rendered sacrosanct by their explicit incorporation directly into America's written governmental charter. The people's first 10 amendments to their Constitution comprise the fourth fundamental principle of the U.S. Constitution—the Bill of Rights.
What is the nickname for the Constitution of the United States?
The nickname for the U.S. Constitution is "Bundle of Compromises." The Chief Draftsmen of the U.S. Constitution is James Madison and Gouverneur Morris. The ratification of the U.S. Constitution happened in 1789 with the agreement of 9 out of 13 states. Eventually, all 13 would ratify the US Constitution.
What was deleted by the 44th Amendment?
[Editorial Comment - Article 31 of the Indian Constitution was repealed and replaced by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act in 1978. The original Article 31 dealt with the right to property, but it was repealed and replaced by Article 300A.
What three words were added in the 42 Amendment?
The Constitutional 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 amended and added three new words – Socialist, Secular and Integrity in it.
Who opposed the 39th Amendment?
While the case was being considered, the 39th Amendment to the Constitution of India was passed, stripping Supreme Court of its authority over the case. Its validity was challenged in cross-objections raised by Raj Narain in the second appeal, Civil Appeal No. 909 of 1975.
Why is the 7th Amendment not incorporated?
history of this amendment and the Court's jurisprudence in this area show that the Seventh Amendment provision of civil jury trials should remain unincorporated as to the states. A. Non-Incorporation Is Consistent With The History And Purpose Of The Seventh Amendment And The Court's Older Jurisprudence.
What is article number 7?
Article 7 of Indian Constitution deals with the complex migration issues that followed Partition . It aims to set clear criteria for determining who retains Indian citizenship . Key Provisions: No Citizenship: Post-March 1 migrants to Pakistan are not Indian citizens.
How many parts of the constitution are there?
Beginning with the words “We the People,” the U.S. Constitution is composed of the Preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments. The first 10 amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.
Did the founding fathers put God in the constitution?
No, the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly mention God or a supreme being in its main text, a deliberate choice by the Founding Fathers to establish a secular government and protect religious freedom, though it does contain a date reference ("Year of our Lord") and the First Amendment prevents religious tests for office, reflecting a consensus on separation of church and state despite their personal faith.
What is an unwritten constitution?
: a constitution not embodied in a single document but based chiefly on custom and precedent as expressed in statutes and judicial decisions.
What kind of government is the United States under the constitution?
While often categorized as a democracy, the United States is more accurately defined as a constitutional federal republic.